以鍾任壁布袋戲演劇文物重現五O年代內台戲商業劇場文化

Reconstruct 60's Commercial Inner-Stage Culture by Zhong Ren-Pi Hand Puppet Play

林少緯

《臺藝戲劇學刊》 5期 (2010/03) Pp. 97-128

https://doi.org/10.29481/AJTDNTUA.201003.0007

摘要

布袋戲在清道光年間（1821─1850）由大陸福建漳州、泉州地區傳入台灣後，展開了興盛蓬勃的發展，發展的時期依序為歷史傳播期、日據傳播期、興盛蛻變期、文化產業期。在各個時期中，有許多具有代表性的劇團、演師為布袋戲表演藝術投入自己畢生的心力與血汗，才將布袋戲著傳統文化保存下來。直到西元2006年，行政院舉辦台灣意象的網路票選活動，布袋戲一舉奪下冠軍，成為名副其實的「台灣意象之冠」。「新興閣掌中劇團」的前身為「協興班」，成立於清代，日本大正12年（1923）由第四代傳人鍾任祥（1911-1980）更名為「新興閣」，此後更確定劇團深植台灣並朝專業布袋戲團發展的方向。「新興閣掌中劇團」在台灣的布袋戲發展史裡佔有一席重要的地位，更是一門重要的門派，他們一路從傳統古典布袋戲逐漸成長，而慢慢走向古冊戲、皇民戲、劍俠戲、拳頭戲、金光戲、校園文化推廣，在每一個時期中都朝著專業掌中劇團的方向邁進，其努力的成績值得肯定與支持。目前「新興閣」第五代掌門人鍾任壁（1923─）在1953年正式成為團長，他在五○年代開創金光布袋戲的輝煌時期，締造了亮麗的票房，也成為台灣南北各大商業劇場老闆們紛紛慕名請戲的對象。本文採用的研究方法，將以鍾任璧所提供的《五○年代演劇記錄帳本》為基礎，配合前人所作的文獻資料以及實際走訪至鍾任壁家中的田野調查，並請鍾任壁提供當年「新興閣二團」的演戲文物包括當年的戲院演出老照片、與戲院主簽訂的演出合同、廣告宣傳單、戲院賀卡......等等；然而人的記憶總有模糊、口誤的時候，為了避免掉進田野調查的陷阱，筆者也追朔過往（1961─1971）的報刊資料加以相互佐證，透過鍾任壁的口述歷史以及紮實且完整的田野工作，來獲得並釐清資料中的真偽，重現台灣五○年代的內台商業劇場文化。

關鍵字

布袋戲 ； 內台戲 ； 外台戲 ； 「新興閣」 ； 演劇帳本 ； 田野調查 ； 口述歷史

並列摘要

Hand Puppet Play was highly developed after spread to Taiwan from Chang Area and Chung Area of Fuchien Pronvince during 1821-1850, Dao-Guang of Ching Dynasty, and its development period in turn was historical spreading period, Japanese colony spreading period, blooming and molting period, cultural industry period. There were such representative ensembles and players contribute their whole life for performing art in each period of time to save the traditional culture of hand puppet play. The Executive Yuan hold a competition by voting on the internet to elect which represents Taiwan the most in 2006, and the hand puppet play won the championship of it.”Hsin Hsing Ku Puppet Show Troupe” was originally named as ”Hsie Hsing Ban” and was established in Ching Dynasty. The 4(superscript th) chairman Zhong-Ren-Xiang officially renamed the Troupe in 1923, it glorified the troupe to a higher level toward professional. The H.H.K.P.S.T. plays an important role in Taiwanese hand puppet play history and is one of the most important branch as well. The troupe started developement from traditional hand puppet plays toward old stories, the empire and the citizens, heros of swords, golden martial fictions and schools spreading. The result is encourageable. By now, the 5(superscript th) chairman Zhong Ren-Pi (1923-) had officially take the leadership in 1953, he opened the glorious page of golden martial fiction hand puppet plays in the 60's, he earned not only great income but also great fame and many commercial hall proprieter invited him to play in their theatre.The researching method in this article will be based on 60's plays account book which offered by Zhong Ren-Pi, matching up ealier researchers' document information, and field investgatement, and practically interview Mr. Zhong including his offers of old photos of the theatre and contracts with those theatre owners, commercial ads, greeting card, etc; avoiding of blurry memories or trap of field investgatement, I will prove those evidences by searching document and information during 1961-1971, and through Zhong's oral telling history and completely field works to reconstruct 60's commercial inner-stage culture.

並列關鍵字

hand puppet play ； inner-stage ； outer-stage ； Hsin Hsing Ku ； plays account book ； field invesgatement ； oral telling history