論子犯：晉文霸業功臣之首

春秋時期，晉文公因驪姬之亂亡外十九載，最終回國即位繼而稱霸天下，子犯（狐偃）、趙衰、先軫、狐毛、魏雙等佐臣功不可沒。而諸功臣中，晉文「有先大夫子餘、子犯以爲腹心」（《左傳•昭公十三年》）。然此二者，日本漢學家宮城穀昌光《春秋名臣列傳》一書，晉臣先軫並未入選，唯子犯與卻缺榮列名冊。且子犯率先提出「求諸侯莫如勤王」，晉文立霸因此獲致正當性名義。再自「子犯編鐘」出土銘文觀之，子犯當時功蓋晉國名滿內外，恐在諸臣之上，此乃子犯受贈周天子輅馬服飾，而群諸侯所以獨厚子犯，並贈以純銅鑄鐘之故。而今似尚無論述子犯專文，故不揣淺陋，本文嘗試以《國語》、《左傳》等古籍，論析子犯所秉承之庭訓家風、性格、材能等，乃促其佐晉文成霸業之重要成因。並以史籍文獻及「子犯編鐘」銘文雙重論證，子犯對晉文霸業之貢獻及其歷史地位，隨晉文亡外之眾臣皆難望其項背。

關鍵字

春秋；晉國；子犯；狐偃

並列摘要

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Li-Gi, one of Jin Xian Gongs wives, wanted her son to get the authority of Jin, it was the cause of Jin Wen Gong became a fugitive for nineteen years. At last, Jin Wen Gong could be back to his country and ascended the throne. The most important element was several ministers helped him and acquired a great achievement, they were Zi-Fan (Hu-Yan), Zhao-Cui, Xian-Zhen, Hu-Mau, etc. Among Jin Wen Gong's ministers, ”Xian-Zhen and Zi-Fan were my trusted subordinates.” Jin Wen Gong once said so. Biographies of Famous Ministers in the Spring and Autumn Period by Gong Cheng Gu Chang Guang, the author was a Japanese Sinologist. He only kept abreast of Zi-Fan and Xi-Que, but Xian-Zhen was not selected from this book. Zi-Fan was the first minister suggested Jin Wen Gong that established hegemony by advocating, ”It would be better to boost the King of Zhou than request support from the other dukes.” His suggestion had greatly contributed to the accomplishment of Jin Wen Gong dominated over the Central Plains. From coming out of an excavation 'Peals of Zi-Fan', the epigraphy showed us Zi-Fan must have a greatly meritorious contribution in Jin Wen Gong's hegemony. Because not only the King of Zhou presented him with barouches and ceremonial dresses, but also the other dukes gifted him with copper and let him found peals. Up to the present, it has seemed that none made a study of Zi-Fa. Though having little talent and less learning, I tried to demonstrate that Zi-Fan's success was based on he had the good upbringing, a person of character and the capabilities, from ancient books as Guo Yu, Zuo Zhuan etc. So he pushed that Jin Wen Gong accomplished the hegemony through as soon as possible. Both ancient books and 'Peals of Zi-Fan' could prove that he was the most import minister who assisted Jin Wen Gong in establishing the hegemony. No one could own the historic significance except Zi-Fan.