應用無人載具評估知本溪調節式防砂壩之河道變化

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to Evaluate the Change of Chihpen River Channel after Adjustable Sabo Dam Construction

陳鈺同(Yi-Tong Chen) ； 柯典祐(Dian-You Ke) ； 劉承璋(Cheng-Chang Liu) ； 陳淑慈(Shu-Tzu Chen) ； 許中立(Chung-Li Hsu)

《坡地防災學報》 16卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 29-41

摘要

2017年林務單位於知本溪流域之中游段建立一座調節式防砂壩，為暫時解決上游大量土砂下移所造成之河道淤積及其衍生問題。並考量當下游持續刷深而有空間允許泥砂下移的情況下進行拆壩調節的動作，讓集水區因特殊事件有大量且持續泥砂來源的中、下游區域淤積災害潛勢得到緩解與調節。此次所選用鋼管梳子壩的型式興建為臺灣位於具常流水的主要溪流上興建此類型壩的首例，更建立「建壩即要考慮拆壩問題」、「防砂壩的任務是會隨時間而調整」的觀念。由於需要長時間與密集的測量分析，因此應用簡便、快速的無人飛行載具拍攝知本溪新建壩體前後之河道變化影像進行分析，瞭解新建壩體至一號壩河段間的河道變化情形，以作為該項工程施設成效評估及後續整治方向的參考。本研究區域在2017年6月1日至6月4日一場鋒面降雨事件，針對建壩及此鋒面降雨事件前後進行空拍影像拼接及圖面比對，發現新建壩體在此降雨事件中發揮攔蓄粗粒徑土砂及調整河道流心之成效，且其下游段的泥砂開始下移，幾座莫拉克風災淤埋的防砂壩已再度露出。

關鍵字

調節式防砂壩 ； 無人載具 ； 泥砂

並列摘要

Taiwan Forest Bureau established an adjustable sabo dam in the middle of the Chihpen River to temporarily solve the river siltation and its derivative problems caused by the large amount of sediment from upstream area in 2017. Consider the action of the dam adjustment when the downstream brushing is deep and the space is allowed sediment to move down, so that the catchment has the potential to alleviate and adjust the silting disaster in the middle and downstream area due to the special event of large and persistent sediment. The construction of the steel pipe comb dam was the first example on the construction of this type dam in Taiwan's main stream, and the establishment the ideas of ＂Damage problems to be consider when dam construction＂ and ＂The task of sabo dam while adjusting with time＂. As a result of need for long and intensive measurement, so the application of simple and fast unmanned aerial vehicle photo river changes by image analysis, as the project of construction effectiveness evaluation and the reference of follow-up control work. There is a frontal rainfall incident the study area in June 1 to 4, 2017. In view of the dam construction and the frontal rains before and after the air image collage and picture comparison, found the effect on the new dam in this rain event to play a large amount of sediment and adjust the flow, and the downstream sediment to move down, several silted dams in Morak Typhoon disaster has been re-exposed.

並列關鍵字

Adjustable sabo dam ； Unmanned aerial vehicle ； Sediment