The Trans Fatty Acid Content in Human Milk and its Association with Maternal Diet among Lactating Mothers in Malaysia

攝取過多反式脂肪酸會減少母乳的脂肪密度，且阻礙必需脂肪酸的去飽和作用。由於乳腺無法合成反式脂肪酸，故推測母乳中的反式脂肪酸可能來自於膳食攝取。此橫斷面研究旨在調查居住於雪蘭莪州都會區的哺乳婦女，其反式脂肪酸的攝取來源。調查資料包括101位哺乳母親的體位測量、含7類食物的飲食頻率問卷，並收集部分參與者3天的食物攝取樣本。利用氣相層析，分析母乳中五種主要的反式脂肪酸異構物，包括反棕櫚油酸（16：1t9）、六反十八碳烯酸（18：1t6）、反油酸（18：1t9）、十一反十八碳烯酸（18：1t11）、反亞油酸（18：2t9,12）。以無母數斯皮爾曼檢定測試食物攝取與反式脂肪酸之相關性。研究對象母乳中總反式脂肪酸的含量為2.94%，低於一般認知的4%；反亞油酸為1.44%，含量最多。另外進行次研究，以18位哺乳婦女之3天飲食樣本進行成份分析，結果顯示攝取的反式脂肪酸，以反亞油酸最多。只有10項食物，會影響母乳中反式脂肪酸濃度，以及異構物的含量。反式脂肪酸的攝取量與母乳中反式脂肪酸的濃度並無相關。

關鍵字

母乳；反式脂肪酸；反油酸；十一反十八碳烯酸；反亞油酸

並列摘要

Excessive intake of trans fatty acids (TFA) could reduce the fat density of human milk and impair the desaturation of essential fatty acids. Because the mammary glands are unable to synthesize TFA, it is likely that the TFA in human milk come from dietary intake. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the sources of TFA intake for lactating mothers in one of the urban areas in Selangor. In this cross-sectional study, anthropometric measurements, FFQ including 7 food groups and dietary consumption data were collected from 101 lactating mothers. Five major TFA isomers (palmitoelaidic acid (16:1t9), petroselaidic acid (18:1t6), elaidic acid (18:1t9), vaccenic acid (18:1t11) and linoelaidic acid (18:2t9, 12) in human milk were measured by gas chromatography (GC). The relationship between food consumption and TFA levels was assessed using the non-parametric Spearman's rho test. The TFA content in human milk was 2.94±0.96 (SEM) % fatty acid; this is considered low, as it is lower than 4%. The most abundant TFA isomer was linoelaidic acid (1.44±0.60% fatty acid). A sub-experiment (analyzing 3 days of composite food consumption) was conducted with 18 lactating mothers, and the results showed that linoelaidic acid was the most common TFA consumed (0.07±0.01 g/100 g food). Only 10 food items had an effect on the total TFA level and the isomers found in human milk. No association was found between TFA consumption and the TFA level in human milk.

並列關鍵字

human milk ； TFA ； elaidic acid ； vaccenic acid ； linoelaidic acid

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

The Trans Fatty Acid Content in Human Milk and its Association with Maternal Diet among Lactating Mothers in Malaysia

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