清潔發展機制對溫室氣體減量之成本效率與成本差異分析－共同邊界架構之應用

Cost Efficiency and Cost Difference under the Clean Development Mechanism for Greenhouse Gases Reductions: Application of Meta-Frontier Framework

劉哲良(Je-Liang Liou) ； 邱可甄(Ke-Zhen Qiu) ； 吳珮瑛(Pei-Ing Wu)

《農業與經濟》 59期 (2017/12) Pp. 73-118

https://doi.org/10.6181/agec.2017.59.03

摘要

本文在共同邊界分析法之架構下，以隨機邊界法（stochastic frontier approach）評估各投資國（credit country）於不同主辦國（host country）執行清潔發展機制（clean development mechanism, CDM）各種專案的成本效率（cost efficiency, CE）及技術缺口比率（technology gap ratio, TGR），進而估算執行溫室氣體排放減量的技術無效率與技術進步可達成的成本改善。分析對象包括2005年5月至本研究進行前的2014年12月的22個投資國在54個主辦國所執行的4,061筆CDM專案。依「技術準備度指標」及「創新指標」構成的「世界競爭力指標」，區分所有主辦國為高技術、中高技術、中低技術及低技術水準國家。結果顯示，一如預期，在高技術群組完成的專案之減量成本最低，而中高技術群組稍高，中低技術群組又更高，至於低技術群組則最高。總和而言，改善目前政策或管理方式的無效率及技術進步可帶來之成本節省，高技術競爭力國家平均每公噸為159美元、中高技術競爭力國家平均每公噸為529美元、中低技術競爭力國家平均每公噸為311美元、低技術競爭力國家平均每公噸為852美元。

關鍵字

共同邊界成本函數 ； 隨機邊界成本函數 ； 技術競爭力 ； 減量成本節省 ； 校正一般最小平方法

並列摘要

Under the framework of meta-frontier analyses, this study employs stochastic frontier approach to evaluate the cost efficiency (CE) and technology gap ratio (TGR) for credit countries to adopt different projects under clean development mechanism (CDM) for greenhouse gases reductions in different host countries. The results are then further to estimate the cost saving from the improvement of management inefficiency and change of technologies. This study analyzes 4,061 CDM projects which include those implemented in May 2005 to December 2014 by 22 credit countries invested in 54 host countries. According to technological readiness and innovation, all the host countries are classified as high technological-completeness countries (HTC), upper-middle technological-completeness countries (UMTC), lower-middle technological-completeness countries (LMTC), and lower technological-completeness countries (LTC), the results show as expected that the emission reduction cost is the lowest for HTC and is the highest for LTC and those for LMTC and UMTC are ranked as the second highest and the third. In summary, the saving of total emission reduction from the improvement of management inefficiency and change of technologies is 159 US$ per metric ton for HTC, 529 US$ per metric ton for UMTC, 311 US$ per metric ton for LMTC, and 852 US$ per metric ton for LMTC.

並列關鍵字

Meta-Frontier cost function ； Stochastic-Frontier cost function ； Technological-Completeness ； Emission reduction cost saving ； Corrected ordinary least square

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