政治態度與行為量表的信度分析：再測信度與內部一致性檢定

Reliability of Political Attitudes and Behavioral Scales in the Survey of TEDS: Test-Retest Reliability and Internal Consistency Analysis

張佑宗(Yu-Tzung Chang)

《政治科學論叢》 27期 (2006/03) Pp. 185-210

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.27(185-210)

摘要

過去二十多年來台灣有關政治性議題的大型調查研究，往往忽視對其測量指標作有系統地檢驗。然而，唯有提出高品質的信度與效度的量表，將來才能建構可靠與正確的經驗性政治理論。本文主要以二○○三年與二○○四年「台灣選舉與民主化調查」(TEDS)兩次大型調查為例，統計檢定在這兩次調查中，幾組重要的政治態度與行為量表的信度問題。信度問題的檢定方法，大致可分為再測信度檢定與內部一致性檢定，針對再測信度的檢定，本文主要透過卡帕(Kappa)係數，以及以平方加權法為計算基礎的加權卡帕(weighted Kappa)係數來作檢驗分析；至於內部一致性的檢定，最常被使用的是克朗巴阿爾發的係數(Cronbach''''s α)，以及折半信度中的蓋特門(Guttman)的計算公式。透過這四種方法檢驗TEDS (2003)與TEDS(2004P)兩次大型調查後發現，整體而言這兩次調查信度的檢驗結果都不錯，過去被認為非常敏感的政治性題目，例如選民的投票支持對象、族群認同、統獨立場與其政黨認同等問題，都具有穩定性。其他一些政治態度量表，也具有高度的內部一致性。當然，目前仍有少數幾個題目信度的檢驗結果不佳，這些測量題目將來應在問卷討論中進一步修正。

關鍵字

政治態度 ； 行為量表 ； 再測信度檢定 ； 一致性檢測 ； 台灣選舉與民主化調查

並列摘要

In the last few years, empirical researches in political science have often neglected to systematically examine their measurement indices and methods. Concerning such a general neglect, this paper uses the large-scale surveys of TEDS conducted in 2003 and 2004 as the bases for analyzing a number of possible problems related to the reliability of the measurements of political attitudes and behavioral scales. The degree of reliability can be measured by performing a test-retest and then examining the result for the extent of internal consistency. Test-retest is carried out with the Kappa coefficient and the weighted Kappa coefficient with quadratic weighting. Internal consistency is tested with the widely used Cronbach's α coefficient and the Guttman formula of split-half reliability. Using these four measures to examine the two TEDS surveys in 2003 and 2004, we find that, on the whole, the two surveys pass our tests for reliability. It is found that a number of previously considered very sensitive political topics, such as voter support, ethnic identity, Taiwan independence, and party identification, all relatively reveal stable conditions of results. We also find that the most important measures of political attitude display a high degree of internal consistency. In addition to the stability found in the acquired results, our tests also reveal some unexpected results on a small number of items, which may require further revision in our future research.

並列關鍵字

political attitudes ； behavioral scales ； test-retest reliability ； internal consistency ； TEDS

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