憲政愛國主義－探尋一個國族認同的理性概念

Constitutional Patriotism-Looking for a Rational Concept of National Identity

石忠山(Chung-Shan Shih)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 52期 (2015/03) Pp. 63-122

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532015030052002

摘要

成員間的歸屬感，是社會要想維繫其統合所必須仰賴的基礎，但是，這樣一種團結的情感，如何能在當今變遷的生活條件下獲得凝聚，則是一個發人深省的問題，也是當代政治哲學有關憲政愛國主義的討論所致力回答的問題。過去，國族國家藉由建構一種想像的共同體，來凝聚一群在文化、族群以及宗教上擁有不同背景的人，但是在今天，這樣一種凝聚的力量是否仍能建立在前述的想像基礎上？本文擬藉反省憲政愛國主義與國族認同的問題，指出當代多元文化社會所面臨的挑戰，和評價其未來所應致力的發展方向。本文終將指出，是共享的憲政價值，而非同質的國族文化，乃多元文化社會在面對多樣、歧異的現代生活時，得以凝聚其成員的重要媒介，也是其朝向理想社會發展所得仰賴的重要基礎。

關鍵字

憲政愛國主義 ； 國族認同 ； 多元文化社會 ； 自由主義 ； 社群主義

並列摘要

The sense of belonging is indispensable for a society to maintain its social integrity. However, in the modern context, can a feeling of unity still be achieved? Contemporary discussion in political philosophy about constitutional patriotism surrounds the same question as well. In the past, the nation-state was created by a group of people, who came from various cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds, to build an imagined community. On the other hand, can such a power of cohesion still be built on the basis of the aforementioned imagination? Based on the questions of constitutional patriotism and the reflections of national identity, this paper tries to specify the challenges that multicultural society is facing, and to evaluate what is its future development that is worthwhile to strive for. This article will finally conclude that it is shared constitutional values, rather than the homogeneous culture of a nation, that constitute the media for the cohesion of a multicultural society under diverse living conditions in modern life and which can pave the way toward an ideal society.

並列關鍵字

Constitutional Patriotism ； National Identity ； Multicultural Society ； Liberalism ； Communitarianism

參考文獻

Abraham, David. 2008　“Constitutional Patriotism, Citizenship, and Belonging,” International Journal of Constitutional Law 6(1): 137-152.

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Habermas, Jürgen. 1997　“Anerkennungskämpfe im demokraitschen Rechtsstaat,” in A. Gutmann ed., Charles Taylor. Multikulturalismus and die Politik der Anerkennung. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Verlag, pp. 147-196.

Habermas, Jürgen. 1998a　Faktizität und Geltung. Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des Demokratischen Rechtsstaats. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

Habermas, Jürgen. 1998b　Die Postnationale Konstellation. Politische Essays. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.