- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Assessment of the Quality of Bottled/Sachet Water in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality (TM) of Ghana
並列摘要
This study aims at assessing the quality of water from bottled/sachet water in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality. Tarkwa is an ancient mining town sited in an Equatorial climate in Ghana and experiences high population growth rate as a result of mining activities. Due to this, water resources are under pressure as Ghana Water Company Ltd., (GWCL) produces only 55% of the Municipality’s water requirements. The population is skeptical of using other sources of water for domestic purposes because of mining activities. Therefore, majority of the people in the Municipality depend on bottled/sachet water for drinking. This study presents and discusses the results of physicochemical and microbial analyses of six bottled/sachet water samples. The water source of these water producing companies is groundwater. Two sets of samples were collected from each company during the rainy season and the dry season to account for seasonal variations. A representative sample for each company was analyzed by the Chemistry/Bacteria Division of the GWCL, Takoradi for physicochemical parameters including pH, temperature, taste, electrical conductivity, true colour, turbidity total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total alkalinity, total hardness and coliform bacteria. Metals and anions analysed were Ca, Mn, K, Na, Cr, Cd, Sb, Ba. BO_3^-, total Fe, Pb, Zn, As, NO_3^-, NO_2^- SO_4^2, PO_4^3, (NH3_-N), F^-, Cl^-, CN^-, carbonate hardness and bicarbonate hardness. Bacteria analysed were total Coliforms, Escherichia coli and total Heterotrophic bacteria. The concentrations of most of the investigated parameters in the drinking water samples from Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO)/Ghana Standard Board (GSB) drinking water quality guidelines except pH, Ba and ClG contents. The pH of SKFDW and DLFWD were respectively 5.5 and 6.31; acidic and lower than the recommended WHO/GSB guideline of 6.5-8.5. The Ba contents in the water samples of ASBFDW and TLFDW Companies were respectively 1.8 and 1.9 mg/L, which are higher than the WHO/GSB threshold values of 0.7 mg/L. SKFDW water samples gave higher analytical ClG value of 274 mg/L which is above the recommended WHO/GSB threshold values of 0-250 mg/L. These packaged waters must be treated before use.
延伸閱讀
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