Indigenous Psychology, Westernized Psychology, and Indigenized Psychology: A Non-Western Psychologist's View

三種心理學

楊國樞(Kuo-Shu Yang)

《長庚人文社會學報》 5卷1期 (2012/04) Pp. 1-32

https://doi.org/10.30114/CGJHSS.201204.0001

摘要

在華人社會中，有三種心理學同時並存，即本土心理學（IP）、西化心理學（WP）、及本土化心理學（IZP）。從世界史的觀點來說，歐美本土心理學是在歐美社會文化因素的影響下形成。此種西方心理學傳入眾多非西方國家，逐漸形成不同的西化心理學。在有些主要非西方國家中，當地心理學者已在推動本土化的運動，自會形成本土化心理學。本文有系統地闡述三種心理學逐漸形成的歷程。三種心理學不只代表三類方法論，也形成三套心理學知識系統。最後將從知識論的下列六方面加以比較：文化基礎、創新方法、本土自主性、本土脈絡性、本土契合性、及本土應用性。

關鍵字

本土契合性 ； 本土心理學 ； 西方心理學 ； 西化心理學 ； 虛假本土心理學 ； 本土化心理學

並列摘要

Three kinds of coexisting contemporary scientific psychologies, namely, indigenous psychology (IP), Westernized psychology (WP), and indigenized psychology (IZP), can be meaningfully distinguished and defined. Historically speaking, IP, the first of the three, was directly and spontaneously generated under the sole influence of Euro-American sociocultural factors. This Western psychology was then imported to and implanted in many non-Western countries to form various kinds of WP. The WPs in some of the major non-Western nations have been gradually transformed into IZPs by local psychologists under the academic movement of indigenization. This article systematically describes the dynamic process of the successive formation of the three psychologies. These psychologies represent not only three disciplines but also three methodologies which, in turn, produce three distinctive kinds of psychological knowledge. The three knowledge systems are then compared in terms of such epistemological aspects as cultural basis, production method, indigenous autonomy, indigenous contextualization, indigenous compatibility, and indigenous applicability.

並列關鍵字

Indigenized Psychology ； Indigenous Compatibility ； Indigenous Psychology ； Pseudo-Indigenous Psychology ； Western Psychology ； Westernized Psychology

參考文獻

Carmichael, L. C., Hogan, H. P. and Walters, A. A. (1932), “An Experimental Study of the Effect of Language on the Reproduction of Visually Perceived Form,”Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 73-86.

Fung, Y. L. (1948), A Short History of Chinese Philosophy, New York: Free Press.

Wundt, W. (1916), in E.L. Schaub (trans.), Elements of Folk Psychology: Outlines of a Psychological History of the Development of Mankind, London: George Allen and Unwin.

Adair, J. G.(1999).Indigenization of Psychology: The Concept and its Practical Implementation.Applied Psychology: An International Review.48(8),403-418.

Allwood, C. M.,Berry, J. W.(2006).Origins and Development of Indigenous Psychologies: An International Analysis.International Journal of Psychology.41(4),243-268.