暴力犯罪少年家庭特徵與家庭生活經驗

Family Characteristics and Family Life Experiences of Violent Young Offenders

鄭瑞隆(Jui-Lung Cheng)

《犯罪學期刊》 5期 (2000/06) Pp. 49-78

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.200006.0002

摘要

近幾年來我國青少年犯罪人數雖在數量上有減緩趨勢，但是犯罪性質卻走向暴力化與兇殘化，青少年暴力犯罪是台灣社會面臨的重大課題。研究者探究青少年暴力犯罪之成因，均一致地提出，家庭是促成青少年暴力化的最重要因素。到底暴力犯罪青少年之家庭存在什麼特徵，其家庭生活之經驗與感受如何？是本文所關切之焦點。本文結合學術研究文獻與作者及同僚之實證研究發現，對暴力犯罪青少年之家庭結構、家庭功能、家庭社經狀態、父母就業狀況、家人關係、父母關係、家人溝通、家庭管教、家人行為學習、家庭生活感受等，進行深入之剖析，從暴力犯罪青少年本身之家庭特徵與家庭生活經驗切入，展現上述各層面之特質，並以之與一般少年之家庭特徵與家庭生活經驗做對比，發現暴力犯罪少年與一般少年之家庭特徵與家庭生活經驗確有差異，這些發現對於國家與社會大眾瞭解家庭如何影響青少年的暴力行為，有全面式的參考作用。經由對暴力犯罪青少年家庭特徵與家庭生活經驗之了解，作者認為家庭影響青少年是否從事暴力犯罪行為，不應由單一項目決定一切，亦即青少年從事暴力犯罪的家庭因素，是其各種家庭特徵與其家庭生活經驗間的交互作用而產生，要從家庭因素來防治青少年暴力犯罪，也必須以多元管道共同聚焦於家庭的介入與干預，全面提升家庭生活的品質，使家庭成為一個充滿愛的地方，方能達到治本的效果。

並列摘要

Despite the number of juvenile delinquents has been decreasing in the past few years, the nature of juvenile delinquency in Taiwan has been worsening. The young offenders become more and more violent and cruel. Researchers note unanimously that family factor is the main cause that lets the youth enter criminal career. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to explore violent young offenders' family traits and their life experiences in their families.Based on the empirical findings by .the author and his colleague, as well as other relevant literature, the author analyzes thoroughly the violent young offenders' family structure, family function, family socioeconomic status, parents' employment, parental relationships, family communication, parental discipline, behavioral modeling, and impression of family life. Many remarkable findings are drawn by comparing these family factors with those of the general youth. The author contends that the violent young offenders' family characteristics and family life experiences are significantly different from those of the general juvenile, and the understanding of those differences will be of helpful for the authority to formulate effective intervention for the treatment and prevention of violent juvenile delinquency. In addition, the author reminds that the use of a single factor to the exploration of the influential family factor which results in violent offending is not satisfactory and maybe risky. Instead, researchers need to employ multi-factorial perspective when observing the complex interaction among various factors from young offenders' family characteristics and family life experiences. The current intervention to the problem of violent crimes should also focus on the offenders' families. Family-based interventions by the public and the private sectors need to be considered seriously. By fostering a happy family full of love and mercy we could prevent violent delinquency more effectively.