• 期刊

體育與運動科學研究現況的批判與省思

體育與運動科學是一個以身體活動爲本質，跨學科與跨專業的學域，各學科研究所建構的知識體系，具有獨特性。本文以臺灣體育與運動科學研究爲範圍，提出國科會體育學專題研究計畫與兩個主要學術期刊的計量分析，發現體育與運動科學研究呈正面發展之現況，續之以批判思考方式，對體育學報與大專體育學刊已刊登論文，提出可資改善之處與建議。最後，對體育與運動科學研究的省思，提出：（一）考量以人與身體活動爲本的科學研究，有其個人知識與不易絕對客觀的限制；（二）建議採行實證手段，並且進行轉譯研究；與（三）遵守學術研究倫理規範的重要性。

• 期刊

不同運動階段老年婦女其功能性體適能與健康生活品質之研究

目的：本研究旨在探討嘉義地區不同運動階段老年婦女其功能性體適能與健康生活品質之狀況。方法：針對306位65歲以上的社區老年婦女，以運動階段調查表與健康生活品質調查表進行訪談，並進行功能性體適能之測量，繼而使用描述性統計、卡方考驗、單因子變異數分析及複迴歸分析各變項之資料，並進一步探討六項功能性體適能是否可作爲健康生活品質之預測用變項。結果：一、健康生活會因運動階段的不同而有顯著差異，並且在維持期階段除了身體功能角色限制、一般健康知覺、心理健康狀況、情緒角色限制外之健康生活品質指數皆顯著高於無意圖期階段。二、功能性體適能中上半身柔軟度、下半身肌力及有氧耐力亦隨著運動階段之不同而有所差異，維持期階段之功能性體適能皆顯著優於無意圖期階段。三、六項功能性體適能中下半身肌力、下半身柔軟度及有氧耐力爲健康生活品質之顯著預測用變項。結論：社區專業指導人員可透過運動階段之分類，協助老年婦女克服身體活動阻礙，積極從事身體活動計畫之建議。並期許未來將更多規律的身體活動融入久坐式或顯少活動老年婦女的生活型態中，將有助於其功能性體適能與健康生活品質的提升。

• 期刊

攝取咖啡因對心率變異性及反覆高強度衝刺的影響

Purpose: To investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion on heart rate variability (HRV) and repeated high-intensity sprints performance in recreational athlete. Methods: Fourteen university males with a background in team-sport training and competition participated in this randomized grouping, double-blinded and crossover experimental design. Participants performed the exercise test on a cycling ergometer after ingestion of either caffeine (CAF, 6 mg•kg^(-1)) or placebo (PLA). The exercise was consisted 24×4-s sprints with 90-s active recovery. The HRV was evaluated in supine position for 60 minutes after the administration of supplementation. Results: Standard deviation of normal-normal RR interval in the CAF trial (143.83±42.45 ms) was significantly higher than in the PLA trial (108.03±31.37 ms, p＜.05). No significant differences were observed in low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF/HF ratio, and coefficients of variation in HF between CAF and PLA trials. However, the coefficient of variation in LF was significantly higher in the CAF trial (5.05±1.91 %) compared with PLA trial (3.87±1.42 %, p＜.05). CAF trial resulted in 2.82% increases in peak power (p＜.001) and 3.32 % increases in mean power (p＜.001) compared with PLA trial. Conclusion: Ingestion of caffeine prior to vigorous exercise slightly increases autonomic nervous activity, and improves sprint performance during repeated high-intensity test.

• 期刊

不同線徑網球線之機械特性探討

目的：本研究的目的主要是要探討不同線徑大小之合成網球拍網線的材料特性。以市售網線線徑大小爲15至18 gauge等四種的有心線，實心線，無心線等不同結構設計的網線，探討勁度及最大位移量等機械特性隨線徑大小改變的差異性。方法：實驗藉由萬能材料試驗機將各種網球線分別做拉力測試至拉斷網線，記錄其受力強度與延展性，並計算網線在一般建議穿網線的特定拉力下的勁度，進一步以統計分析加以比較。結果：延展性的表現上，有心線整體表現最佳，而大線徑之實心線最差。三種常見網線種類在不同線徑之強度－位移曲線的表現則十分相似，除了線徑最大的實心線表現與其他線徑相較下有較明顯的差異。在勁度表現上，隨著線徑增加，網線的勁度也隨之增加，並且在不同線徑大小之間有顯著差異。除了1.20mm的無心線在勁度表現上，趨近於1.35mm的無心線。結論：三種常用網線的機械特性測試顯示，當考慮擊球之控球與穩定性，有心線中等線徑（1.25mm與1.30mm）表現較理想。無心線的機械特性整體表現較佳，尤其是細線徑。然而細線徑的實心線擊球穩定性表現可能稍差，建議選用1.30mm線徑網線爲佳。在選手或網球運動者選擇網球拍網線時，本研究之結果可做爲參考或推薦，以維持擊球時的穩定性及增加操控性及運動表現。

• 期刊

新式簡易足弓測量系統之信效度考驗

Purpose: The height of the medial longitudinal arch is one of the most important factors to describe foot structure. In particular, people with flat foot and high arch foot have higher injury rate. Footprint is a convenient way to determine foot structure. Current footprint measurement devices use electronic sensor or ink to obtain the footprint which either the analysis process is too complex or the ink is not environmental friendly. Therefore, a new footprint measurement device was developed to determine foot structure without using ink. In order to confirm the accuracy and reliability of this new device, this study tried to determine the correlation between different footprint measurement devices. Methods: 78 footprints were collected from the 39 subjects (7 males, 32 females). The mean age was 22.3±1.8 years, mean height was 162.1±8.1 cm, and mean weight was 56.5±11.6 kg. Subjects were measured two times on each foot by both the new device and traditional ink footprint device. Then the footprint images were scanned into the computer using Sigmascan Pro 5 software to analyze arch index and arch angle. Data were expressed as Mean SD, all statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between two measurement devices. Statistical significant level was set at α=.01. Results: The correlation coefficients between new footprint and traditional ink footprint devices were 0.830 (p＜.01) for arch index, 0.628 (p＜.01) for arch angle. Previous studies reported high reliability for using footprint parameters to predict arch height. Therefore, the footprint parameter obtained from this new measurement device can be used to predict arch height and other foot structure parameters. Conclusion: New approach to measure footprint has significant correlation with the traditional ink footprint device. This result shows promising future in clinical applications to use this new footprint device which is more convenient and environmentally-friendly and easier to measure than the traditional ink footprint device. In order to provide more evidence to support this new device, more subjects and direct measurement of arch height should be analyzed in future study.

• 期刊

學齡兒童身體成長與側化偏好

目的：本研究探討學齡兒童身體成長與側化偏好情況，並進一步分析不同性別之側化差異，以提供國小體育教師瞭解目前孩童身體發展和側化偏好情況。方法：以1,337位臺南市國小學齡兒童爲研究對象，並填寫身體側化情況問卷，共24細項（含眼睛、耳朵、手、腳與日常用手等慣用側）。結果：身體成長，身高除了6歲兒童男生明顯大於女生，其他年齡則無顯著差異，而男生的體重明顯大於女生。側化偏好方面，身體不同部位的側化情況有明顯差異並傾向於使用右側。不同性別之間的側化偏好沒有差異，手、眼、足與耳朵已傾向使用同側。結論：身體兩側有不對稱使用的情況發生，兒童階段的側化偏好並未因性別因素而趨異，但肢段的使用上已有傾向於使用右邊。

• 期刊

臺灣9~15歲學生身體活動情形及參與動機之性別與年齡差異

Purpose: To survey the participation motives of children and adolescents in Taiwan and to examine the effects of gender and grade and the amount of physical activity. Methods: A total of 3,321 students, grade 3 to 9 (1,701 boys, 1,620 girls), from various regions of Taiwan were surveyed via questionnaires. Results: 1. Descriptive analyses showed that motives related to fitness and skill enhancement ranked the highest for all ages. 2. Factor analysis showed 6 categories of participation motives (49.73% total variance explained), namely, fitness and skill enhancement, social expectation, competition and challenge, social reinforcement, fun and friendship, and team interaction. 3. MANOVAs found a significant gender effect (Wilks' λ=.94, F(subscript (7, 3213))=31.33, p＜.001). Boys scored higher than girls in the amount of physical activity and in most of the other participation motives (except team interaction). Grade was also found to have a significant effect. (Wilks' λ=.78, F(subscript (42, 15106))=19.30, p＜.001). Fun and friendship increased as grade increased but scores of for the other motive categories decreased. The amount of physical activity increased as grade 1 increased to grade 6 but decreased thereafter and 9 graders had the least amount of activity. Conclusion: This study categorized the participation motives in physical activities of children and adolescents in Taiwan, and health related reasons were reported as the most important. However, participation motives and the amount of physical activity changed as a function of gender as well as the age of development.

• 期刊

桌球正手擊球動作的協調與量化

目的：爲了解經驗和工作限制對少年桌球選手正手擊球動作協調的影響，本研究以主成份分析法來描述全身肢段動作協調內容。藉由分析成分型態，探討不同技術水準的球員在面臨擊快或擊準目標時的動作協調差異。方法：以少年桌球優秀選手和一般球員各4名爲研究對象，分別收集他們在擊快與擊準動作要求下的擊球落點和運動學資料，計算落點成功率，並依據全身動作肢段關節和球拍標記點的三維座標計算擊球時間、擊球速度和進行主成份分析(principal component analysis, PCA)。結果：參與少年桌球選手的動作表現皆能符合擊準或擊快的動作要求。而在動作協調方面，全身動作協調可以縮減成6個成分來分析，優秀選手擊準時於描述揮拍軌跡在前後和上下軸向的控制之成份與一般球員不同，且優秀選手在擊準要求下於揮拍方向和發力有關的協調也與擊快時略有差別。結論：不同技術水準的少年桌球手之成份動作型態有所不同，而且在因應動作目標變異的情況下，只有技術水準高者能調整動作協調內容來擊球，支持Newell的限制模式的論點。

• 期刊

臺北市高中職學生體育課班級氣氛與學習動機對學習滿意度之影響

目的：探討高中體育課班級氣氛與學習動機對學習滿意度之影響情形。方法：以臺北市高中職學生爲研究對象，有效問卷633份，以「高中體育課班級氣氛量表」、「高中體育課學習動機量表」、「高中體育課學習滿意度量表」進行施測。結果：以描述性統計、簡單相關、多元逐步迴歸分析進行資料分析，主要結果如下：一、臺北市高中職生對體育課學習滿意度有極佳的評價，就學習滿意度各構面分析，則以教師教學分數最高，其它依序爲同儕關係以及學習效果。二、自我效能、投入、教師支持、期望成功可正向預測學習效果滿意度。三、親和、教師支持、自我效能、期望成功可預測同儕關係滿意度。四、教師支持、投入、期望成功可正向預測教師教學滿意度。結論：一、學生對體育課教師教學滿意度最佳。二、教師支持、期望成功、投入與自我效能是影響學習滿意度主要因素，當學生感受到教師的支持越強，對成功的期許越高，且熱衷於學習的班級氣氛越佳，對運動表現的自信心越高時，其學習滿意度會更好。

• 期刊

臺灣地區國中健康與體育學習領域教師評鑑指標之建構

目的：本研究目的在建構國中健康與體育學習領域教師評鑑指標，以期提供學校及教育行政主管機關，在擬定政策與執行之參考。方法：研究方法是以自編之「國中健康與體育學習領域教師評鑑指標」量表進行問卷調查，研究對象爲972位臺灣本島各縣市國民中學校長、訓導（學務）主任、體衛或體育或衛生組長、體育或健康教育或健康與體育教師，使用之統計包括次數分配、平均數、標準差、因素分析。結果：本研究結果指出國中健康與體育教師評鑑指標構成「層面－向度－指標」，計有4個層面，14個向度，69項指標；健康與體育學習領域評鑑指標的重要性，平均數介於3.16至3.44之間；標準差介於.41至.51之間。14個向度中，各項度中最重要指標皆與相關學者所編問卷或指標或研究相符。結論：研究結論指出本研究所建構之指標，具有良好的效度與信度，可供教師評鑑之用。