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從國際刑法觀點檢視我國人口販運法制

Review the Regime on Combating Human Trafficking in Taiwan from the Perspective of International Criminal Law

摘要


長久以來,國際法中仍舊欠缺一個眾所公認的人口販運定義,又由於對國際犯罪用語及定義之分歧,就造成像是毒品交易與國際恐怖活動等行為是否屬於國際犯罪,亦即其是否可直接根據國際法,而不須要透過內國刑法之轉換以確立其刑事可罰性,在學界不乏爭議。然而,雖然人口販運的型態千變萬化,但當前對人口販運的認知上仍存有可資辨別的共同核心要素,並以之做為廣泛及明確定義之基礎,此即,人口販運意指被害人被迫脫離其熟悉之社會及文化環境,因此地點的改變才是其關鍵要素,而非邊界之跨越。再者,台灣連續三年被美國的人口販運年度報告中,指明「台灣是以性剝削和強迫勞動為目的的男女人口販運的來源地、轉運地和目的地」(2004)、「台灣是為從事性剝削而被販運的女子主要的輸入國,這些女子絕大多數來自中國,其他的被害人也由泰國、柬埔寨和越南販運來台,被以暴力脅迫從事賣淫,或以工作、婚姻為餌誘騙來台,也有台灣的婦女被販運到日本賣淫」(2005)以及報告指出「台灣是走私男、女及孩童,成為強制性勞工及性剝削的主要目的地」(2006)。於是,我國公部門從2006年起才開始意識到人口販運犯罪問題的嚴重性,立法院於2009年始完成《人口販運防制法》之立法,使得我國在人口販運的防治法制,至此才真正與國際接軌。

並列摘要


By far, whether the conducts like drug dealings or international terrorist acts can be directly defined as international crimes without the enactment in domestic system to ensure their culpability has not yet reached consensus under international law among scholars. Perhaps it is because that the definition of human trafficking in terms of international law is lacking and the uncertainty still exists regarding whether those acts can be governed by contemporary international law. However, although a variety of ways of conduct with regards to human trafficking indeed exist, there are still certain identical elements can be the basis of its general definition. Concerning the human trafficking, what matters is that the victims are compelled to leave the society and the cultural where they get used to; thus, the key factor is the location that has been changed instead of the borders where they've trespassed.Moreover, according to U.S. Trafficking in Persons Report, Taiwan was defined as ”a source, hub, and destination of human trafficking for sex exploitations and forced labors” in 2004. ”Taiwan is an importing nation of women trafficking for sex exploitation, most of the victims are coming from China, others are from Thailand, Cambodia or Vietnam. Those victims were deceived by the reasons of getting marriage or becoming labor in Taiwan. Further, according to the report, there are some Taiwanese women sent to Japan for prostitution in 2005.” Taiwan had not been aware of the seriousness of the crime against human trafficking until 2006. Not until in 2009 Taiwan's domestic law has matched up with the international standards after the ”Act against human trafficking” enacted by the Congress.

參考文獻


(2004).Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report.,未出版.
(2005).Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report.,未出版.
(2006).Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report.,未出版.
(Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of a Conveention against Transnational Organized Crime, UN Doc A/55/383).
(US Department of State(2008), S. 7. Zur Problematik der empirischen Erfassung von Menschenhandel siehe 2. 3. Zu internationalen und regionalen und regionalen Handelsbewegungen vgl. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2006)).

被引用紀錄


上官涵怡(2014)。探討我國人口販運罪構成要件設計之妥當性 —從國際間防治組織犯罪及我國實務判決之視角觀察〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400472

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