Study of the Influence of Carcass Temperature on Rolling Resistance

胎體溫度對滾動阻力影響之研究

郭庭瑋(Ting-Wei Guo) ； 鄭榮和(Jung-Ho Cheng)

《中國機械工程學刊》 41卷2期 (2020/04) Pp. 189-197

摘要

Tire rolling resistance originates mainly from the hysteresis of rubber, which characterizes the viscoelastic behavior of materials. Viscoelastic properties are generally measured through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This can initially predict the rolling resistance performance, but cannot accurately calculate the rolling resistance and the effect of the structural design. This study presents a complete procedure for studying the effects of temperature on the rolling resistance of a tire. We utilize the finite element software Abaqus to establish the 205/55R16 91V tire model, and simulate a steady state rolling process together with a user subroutine to calculate the rolling resistance. The Abaqus user subroutine is employed in the tire model to convert the hysteresis loss into heat generation for a heat transfer analysis. The material properties of tire components are determined according to the temperature field, and the rolling resistance is recalculated. Finally, the model and procedure are verified through experiments, and the effect of the temperature on the rolling resistance is examined. The study shows that temperature-dependent rubber viscoelasticity is important for obtaining accurate simulation results of rolling tire.

關鍵字

rolling resistance ； finite element ； viscoelasticity ； heat transfer

並列摘要

輪胎的滾動阻力主要來自於膠料的遲滯效應，而遲滯效應則因於膠料的黏彈性質，檢測橡膠黏彈性質通常使用動態機械分析儀（DMA）進行量測，可初步預估滾動阻力性能，但無法準確預估滾動阻力值以及結構設計的影響。故本研究提出一個完整的程序，利用有限元素軟體Abaqus對規格205/55R1691V轎車胎建立模型，模擬輪胎穩態滾動求得自由滾動解，以Fortran編寫程式計算滾動阻力。藉由Abaqus的子程序Subroutine功能將所計算之遲滯損失換算為發熱量進行熱傳分析，依據得到之溫度場改變材料性質，重新計算受溫度影響之滾動阻力，最後透過實驗驗證模型所計算之滾動阻力以及探討溫度對滾動阻力之影響。本研究指出在模擬輪胎滾動與準確計算滾動阻力時，溫度對橡膠黏彈性質的影響是非常重要的。