工作記憶廣度與創造力表現之關連性研究

The Relationship between the Working Memory and Creativity

林曉昀(Hsiao-Yun Lin) ； 徐芝君(Chih-Chun Hsu) ； 陳學志(Hsueh-Chih Chen) ； 邱發忠(Fa-Chung Chiu)

《創造學刊》 4卷2期 (2013/09) Pp. 31-55

摘要

本研究旨在探討工作記憶廣度與創造力表現的關聯性，並藉由工作記憶之語音環廣度與視覺空間廣度，與擴散性思考作業與頓悟性問題作業相關係數的差異，來探討工作記憶為一般化或特定化。實驗一探討工作記憶廣度與創造力表現之相關性，結果顯示擴散性思考，不論在語文或圖形作業，與工作記憶的語音環或視覺空間廣度皆無相關。而頓悟性問題作業表現與工作記憶的語音環或視覺空間廣度皆呈顯著相關。此外，從頓悟性問題作業與工作記憶語音環或視覺空間廣度相關皆未達顯著差異的結果，支持工作記憶為一般化而非特定化的假設。實驗二，在增加參與者工作記憶負荷的情況下進行頓悟性問題作業。將實驗二結果與實驗一工作記憶無干擾時，參與者頓悟性問題作業表現進行比較，結果顯示實驗二之頓悟性問題作業表現較實驗一差，因此推論頓悟思考優劣會受到工作記憶廣度大小的影響。此外，從頓悟性問題作業表現與工作記憶廣度作業相關皆無顯著差異的結果仍偏向支持工作記憶為一般化系統。

關鍵字

工作記憶廣度 ； 創造力 ； 擴散性思考 ； 頓悟性思考

並列摘要

The relations among assessments of working memory tasks (WM tasks) and of creativity tasks including diverging thinking task and insight problem task were examined. In experiment 1, participants completed 4 WM tasks designed to assess phonological loop span and visual-space span, as well as diverging thinking task and insight problem task. The results showed WM tasks had no relationship with diverging thinking task, whereas WM tasks had relationship with insight problem task. In experiment 2, participants completed 4 WM tasks and insight problem task under the interference. The results showed WM tasks still had relationship with insight problem task. In contrast, assessments of insight problem task in experiment 2 were poorer than experiment 1. This result suggests that working memory might have relationship with insight thinking. In addition, the results showed working memory is general not specific in both experiments.

並列關鍵字

working memory span ； creativity ； diverging thinking ； insight thinking