治要與成一家言：論《群書治要》對《史記》的剪裁與再造

On the Pruning and Reinventing of Shiji from Qun Shu Zhi Yao

邱詩雯(Chyu, Shih-Wen)

《成大中文學報》 68期 (2020/03) Pp. 43-72

摘要

《史記》是太史公究際天人，通變古今所成就的一家之言，具有半私史的性質。他以其史識剪裁史料，以本紀、世家、表、書、列傳的五體規模，紀錄上下三千年的史事人物，目的在歸納歷史規律，資鑑當代。《群書治要》是唐太宗貞觀初年下令編纂的類書，擷取六經、四史、諸子百家內聖外王精華，匯編成書，以作為帝王治國資政之參考。今存《群書治要》有《史記》二卷，分別以本紀、列傳命名之。《群書治要》對《史記》原文的剪裁，呈現流變的史觀。本文以《群書治要．史記》為核心，透過與《史記》原文的比較，參考諸家評點，梳理《群書治要》對於《史記》整理的方法及特色。則完成此文，除可觀察《群書治要》的編纂理路，歸納其選材特色外，還可探討類書體對原書史識的容受問題，補充《史記》學及史學發展的內涵。

關鍵字

《群書治要》 ； 《史記》 ； 司馬遷 ； 半私史 ； 類書

並列摘要

Shiji was a self-contained thinking system from Si Ma Qian by exploring the relationship between heaven and man and understanding the dynasties' changes of history and present, which is also a semi-private writing history. He pruned historical data with his historical knowledge and recorded three thousand years of historical events and figures on five scales. It is to summarize the historical law and contrast with the contemporary political situation. Qun Shu Zhi Yao takes the essence of ＂Inner Sage And Outer Kingliness＂ in six classics, four histories, and philosophers about hundred schools, and compiles it into a book. However, the pruning of original Shiji in Qun Shu Zhi Yao presents a changing view of history. This essay takes the collecting materials from Shiji in Qun Shu Zhi Yao as the core and compare them with the Shiji, also refer to the reviews of various critics then arrange the methods that how Qun Shu Zhi Yao sort Shiji out and its characteristics. The different historical views between Shiji and Qun Shu Zhi Yao is the issue that this article concerned about. Through this essay, not only observe the context of the compilation of Qun Shu Zhi Yao and summarize the characteristics of its material selection also explore how encyclopedia system accepting the historical view from the original book to supply the connotation of studying Shiji and developing of history.

並列關鍵字

Qun Shu Zhi Yao ； Shiji ； Si Ma Qian ； Semi-private Writing History ； Leishu

參考文獻

＊漢‧司馬遷：《史記》，北京：中華書局，1982。[Han] Si Ma Qian, Shi Ji [Records of the Grand Historian] (Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1982).

漢‧班固：《漢書》，臺北：鼎文書局，1983。

劉宋‧范曄：《後漢書》，臺北：鼎文書局，1978。

梁‧蕭統：《文選》，臺北：藝文印書館，1991。

唐‧吳競：《貞觀政要》，上海：上海書店，1984。