摘要
台北市立婦幼綜合醫院近三年來，共發現七位兒童患有先天性巨大腎盞症，其中雙側性三位，單側性四位，男孩五位，女孩二位，這些病人皆是在作腎臓超音波檢查時意外發現腎盞擴張，經進一步放射線檢查發現非阻塞性腎盞擴張，腎盂輸尿管正常，因而確定診斷。臨床上此種病人需與阻塞性水腎區別，以避免不必要的開刀。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Congenital megacalyces is a calyceal anomaly characterized by nonobstructive dilatations of the calyces, associated with hypoplasia of the medullary pyramids. In the past three years, seven patients with congenital megacalyces were found incidentally (luring renal ultrasonic examination. There were five boys and two girls who were asymptomatic, except for a case with hematuria. Three cases presented bilateral and four unilateral, ages ranged from 7 to 14 years. In this series, all cases with dilatations of the calyces were initially detected by sonography, and then confirmed by other radiologic examinations. On intravenous urography, contrast material was visible at the normal time, but prolonged opacification. The radiological features presented widen calyces, flattened papillac, absence of papillary tips and usually no significant dilatation of the renal pelvis and ureter. The renal medulla had become thin. An ultrasound examination showed the kidneys with dilated calyces and decreased parenchyma. Renal pelvis and ureter were mostly normal in size. Diuretic radionuclide renogram T1/2 was performed in five cases, to disclose nonobstructive lesions. Radionuclide cystography, underwent in three cases, revealed no reflux phenomenon. Renal function was normal in all cases. Congenital megacalyces are a non-progressive lesions. Therefore, it is important to recognize the clinical entity and avoid unnecessary surgery. Since sonography is a noninvasive modality, it can serve as a tool for long- term follow-up of these patients and for the detection of possible future stone formation.