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Research and Development of Pathogenic Microorganisms for the Control of Major Agricultural Pests
農業重要害蟲防治用病原微生物研究與發展
Abstracts
Pathogenic microorganisms play a crucial role in agricultural pest management by suppressing pest populations through parasitism, infection, or toxin production. These microorganisms offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, contributing to integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Insect-pathogenic microorganisms have been extensively studied and widely applied in biological control. These include bacterial pathogens such as Bacillus thuringiensis, entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cordyceps javanica, as well as insect-pathogenic viruses such as nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). Due to their high specificity towards insect pests, environmental compatibility, and potential to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, these microbial agents have become an integral part of IPM strategies. In recent years, advancements in genomics and biotechnology have significantly accelerated the selection of highly effective pathogenic strains and the elucidation of their virulence mechanisms. Whole-genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses have facilitated the precise identification of key genes involved in pathogenicity, enabling further exploration of toxin production, parasitic capabilities, and host adaptability. Additionally, studies on specific enzymes, such as chitinases and proteases, as well as secondary metabolites like fungal toxins and bacterial exoproteins, have contributed to enhancing the infection efficiency and insecticidal activity of these microorganisms, expanding their application potential. Despite the numerous advantages of microbial control, including environmental safety, high specificity, and minimal residue concerns, several challenges remain in practical applications. These include the environmental adaptability of microbial agents, the evolution of host resistance, and issues related to formulation stability and field efficacy. Overall, microbial control technologies play a vital role in modern agriculture. With continuous advancements in biotechnology and the development of novel application strategies, these technologies are expected to become a cornerstone of pest management, promoting sustainable agriculture and global food security.
Parallel abstracts
病原性微生物在農業害蟲防治中具關鍵地位，能透過寄生、感染或產生毒素有效抑制害蟲族群，為化學農藥提供環境友善且永續的替代方案，並推動病蟲害綜合管理（integrated pest management; IPM）。昆蟲病原微生物的研究與應用歷史悠久，常見的昆蟲病原細菌如蘇力菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）、病原真菌如白殭菌（Beauveria bassiana）、黑殭菌（Metarhizium anisopliae）、爪哇擬青黴菌（Cordyceps javanica），及昆蟲病原病毒如核多角體病毒（Nucleopolyhedrovirus; NPV）。這些微生物因專一性高、對環境安全且可降低農藥依賴，已成為IPM中的重要組成。近年基因體學與生物技術的進展，促進了高效菌株的篩選與毒力機制解析。全基因體定序與轉錄體分析使有助於鑑定致病相關基因，並揭示毒素生成、寄主感染與適應機制。此外，特定酵素如幾丁質酶、蛋白酶及次級代謝物的研究，亦提升病原微生物的感染力與殺蟲效能，擴大其應用潛力。然而，微生物防治仍面臨環境適應性、寄主抗性及製劑穩定性等挑戰。整體而言，病原微生物防治技術已成為現代農業的重要方向，隨著生物技術與應用策略的持續進步，將有望成為永續害蟲管理與糧食安全的核心支柱。