水稻耐旱機制與分子育種策略之進展

Advances in Research on Drought Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Breeding Strategies in Rice

林大鈞(Da-Gin Lin) ； 林玉鈴(Yu-Ling Lin) ； 王怡雯(Yi-Wen Wang) ； 林思妤(Ssu-Yu Lin) ； 李承彬(Cheng-Bin Li) ； 溫韋辰(Wei-Chen Wen) ； 王昭月(Jau-Yueh Wang) ； 王強生(Chang-Sheng Wang) ； 陳述(Shu Chen)

《台灣農業研究》 Volume 75 Issue 1 (2026/03) Pp. 51-72

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.202603_75(1).0003

Abstracts

水稻為全球重要主糧作物，對水資源需求高，面對日益嚴峻的氣候變遷與水資源短缺挑戰，提升其耐旱能力已成為確保糧食安全與實現農業永續發展的關鍵課題。本文綜述水稻在乾旱逆境下於生理、生化及基因層級的調控機制，涵蓋滲透調節、活性氧清除、氣孔調控及根系結構等核心途徑。近年學者透過數量性狀基因座（qualitative trait loci; QTLs）定位與候選基因選殖，已鑑定多個與耐旱性相關之關鍵基因與區域，包括qDTYs、qDTR_8、qDLR_(8.1)、OsNAC5、OsCPK9及LEA蛋白基因等，為分子育種提供重要遺傳資源。在小分子調控方面，已鑑定逾30種與乾旱反應相關的miRNA，其中19種於植物乾旱反應期間，具有明確的調控功能，如miR393、miR398、miR160、miR167及DST-amiRNA，分別參與生長素訊號、抗氧化能力及氣孔開閉等機制，構成一層關鍵的基因表現調控網絡。育種實務面，耐旱育種已逐步導入分子標記輔助選拔與QTLs堆疊（pyramiding）策略，成功育成多個具耐旱性狀之水稻品系。然而，乾旱外表型之田間表現與準確量化仍是主要的挑戰課題，限制了遺傳增益的進一步提升。未來應結合高通量表型體分析技術、基因體與表觀基因體資訊，整合環境數據進行乾旱反應之系統性解析，以建構多維度調控網絡與關鍵選拔指標，進而加速耐旱水稻品種之開發，以因應氣候變遷下的挑戰，並實現作物生產系統的智慧化與永續轉型。

Keywords

水稻 ； 乾旱耐受性 ； 數量性狀基因座 ； 候選基因 ； 分子育種

Parallel abstracts

Rice, a water-demanding staple crop, faces escalating risks from climate change and freshwater scarcity, making improved drought resilience essential for food security and sustainable agriculture. This review synthesizes physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of rice to drought, emphasizing actionable avenues for breeding. Core adaptive processes include osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, stomatal regulation, and remodeling of root system architecture. Advances from quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and gene cloning have identified drought-associated regions and genes- such as the qDTY series (e.g., qDTY_(1.1)), qDTR_8, qDLR_(8.1), and candidate genes including OsNAC5, OsCPK9, and LEA proteins, that provide valuable genetic resources for marker-assisted improvement. Small-RNA regulation constitutes an additional control layer: over 30 drought-responsive microRNAs have been reported, with at least 19 showing defined functions; exemplars include miR393, miR398, miR160, miR167, and DST-amiRNA, which modulate auxin signaling, antioxidative capacity, and stomatal dynamics. On the application front, marker-assisted selection and QTL pyramid have delivered drought-tolerant lines and cultivars. Nevertheless, field expression and precise quantification of drought-related traits remain major bottlenecks that constrain genetic gain. Future progress will hinge on integrating high throughput phenomics with genomic and epigenomic information and contextual environmental data to build multi-level regulatory networks and robust, multidimensional selection indices. Such integrative pipelines are expected to accelerate the development and deployment of drought-resilient rice varieties, advancing the intelligent and sustainable transformation of crop production systems.

Parallel keywords

Rice ； Drought tolerance ； Quantitative trait locus (QTL) ； Candidate gene ； Molecular breeding