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次氯酸鹽溶液防治紅龍果採後濕腐病之效果評估
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Hypochlorite Solution in Controlling Postharvest Wet Rot of Pitaya Fruits
Abstracts
紅龍果（Hylocereus spp.）為具重要經濟價值的作物之一，而由Gilbertella persicaria於田間與採後引起的濕腐病為紅龍果產業的重大問題。本研究旨在探討次氯酸鹽溶液（pH 8.1-8.4）對紅龍果果實採後濕腐病的防治效果。在培養基上抑制G. persicaria的試驗中，在菌絲方面，有效氯濃度到200 mg L^(-1)的次氯酸鹽溶液仍未顯示出良好的抑制效果；而在孢子發芽方面，有效氯濃度達150 mg L^(-1)以上時，即可有效抑制孢子發芽。進一步以人工接種G. persicaria的方式，並以白肉種紅龍果果實為供試材料，結果顯示，於採後處理有效氯200 mg L^(-1)的次氯酸鹽溶液處理30-60秒，可顯著降低濕腐病罹病級數（依照發病面積低到高給予0-4級數）。針對處理時機的結果顯示，在接種後12小時內施用上開處理都可以顯著降低濕腐病罹病級數，但若超過24小時才處理，其罹病級數則與對照組無顯著差異；然而同樣的處理條件對紅肉種紅龍果人工接種濕腐病菌則無防治效果。此外，測試供試藥劑對田間自然感染果實的採收後處理效果，顯示施用有效氯濃度200 mg L^(-1)的次氯酸鹽溶液條件後，白肉種果實的濕腐病平均發病率由未施用的43.0 ± 6.7%降為9.4 ± 4.5%，防治率達79.0 ± 11.3%；然而，在紅肉種果實上反而造成更嚴重濕腐病發病率，平均發病率由未施用的43.0 ± 20.8%提升為69.2 ± 13.9%。本研究使用的次氯酸溶液處理有助於降低白肉種紅龍果的濕腐病，而紅肉種紅龍果的採後處理條件則尚需另外評估。
Parallel abstracts
Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) is an economically important fruit crop, and wet rot disease caused by Gilbertella persicaria has become a major concern to the industry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hypochlorite solution (pH 8.1-8.4) in controlling postharvest wet rot disease of pitaya fruit. In an in vitro assay, hypochlorite solution with available chlorine concentrations up to 200 mg L^(-1) didn't significantly inhibit mycelial growth of G. persicaria. In contrast, spore germination was effectively suppressed at concentrations above 150 mg L^(-1). Further artificial inoculation tests using fruits of white-fleshed pitaya cultivar revealed that postharvest treatment with 200 mg L^(-1) hypochlorite solution for 30-60 s significantly reduced the disease index (rated on a 0-4 scale based on the diseased area) of wet rot disease. Evaluations of treatment timing indicated that application within 12 h after inoculation significantly reduced the disease index, whereas treatments applied after 24 h showed no significant difference compared with the untreated control. Notably, with the same treatments, no protective effect was observed on red-flesh pitaya cultivar artificially inoculated with the pathogen. Postharvest treatments of naturally infected fruits under field conditions revealed that application of hypochlorite solution containing 200 mg L^(-1) chlorine reduced the average disease incidence of wet rot in white-flesh pitaya from 43.0 ± 6.5% in untreated fruits to 9.4 ± 4.5%, achieving a control efficacy of 79.0 ± 11.3%. In contrast, the same treatment unexpectedly increased disease incidence in red-flesh pitaya, with the average incidence rising from 43.0 ± 20.8% in untreated fruits to 69.2 ± 13.9%. Overall, fruit postharvest treatment with hypochlorite solution effectively reduces wet rot disease index in white-fleshed cultivar, however, alternative management strategies are required for red-fleshed cultivars.