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Gilles Deleuze and Daisaku Ikeda: Between Immanence and Buddha-Nature
德勒茲和池田大作：在內在性和佛性之間
摘要
本文探討德勒茲的「內在性」（immanence）和池田大作的「佛性」之間的關係。儘管有不少學者已在探討德勒茲的「內在性」，但探討「內在性」與「佛性」的關係的學者不多。本文通過池田大作的「佛性論」探討這兩個哲學概念的關係。本文指出它們都同時在肯定「內在性」和抵抗哲學思想中的「超越性」（transcendence）。在第一部分中，我們將研究德勒茲如何在司各脫（Scotus）、斯賓諾莎（Spinoza）和尼采（Nietzsche）的哲學基礎上構造他本身的內在性本體論。在第二部分中，我們將研究池田大作如何在日蓮（Nichiren），最澄（Saicho）和智顗（Zhiyi）的「佛性論」大乘佛教哲學基礎上推廣他的和平哲學。在探討中我們將會參考德勒茲的《差異與重複》和池田大作的哲學作品。
並列摘要
This paper seeks to examine the relationship between Gilles Deleuze's idea of immanence and the notion of Buddha-nature in Daisaku Ikeda's philosophy. Although much has been written about Deleuze's idea of immanence, relatively little has been focused on the relationship between this idea and the concept of Buddha-nature in Ikeda's philosophy. This paper aims to argue that there is a structural similarity between these two ideas. Namely, that both affirm immanence in opposition to transcendence. In the first section, we will examine how Deleuze constructed an immanent ontology by drawing from conceptual resources provided by philosophers such as Scotus, Spinoza and Nietzsche. In the second section, we will examine how Ikeda's idea of Buddha-nature is informed by a line of thinking that is centred around Nichiren, Saichō and Zhiyi's idea of Buddha-nature in Mahāyāna Buddhism. Towards this aim, we will refer to a number of passages in Deleuze's Difference and Repetition and Ikeda's philosophical writings.