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Are Stories of Trash Merely Didactic Proselytizing? Challenging Representations of Garbage in Children's Books
有關垃圾的故事都只是在說教？挑戰童書中關於垃圾再現的議題
Abstracts
Garbage may be often envisioned as part of some greater ecological or environmental concern, but how children's books deal with our garbage is a representational question. How can the children's books turn issues of trash and waste into stories dramatic enough to engage young readers, stories powerful enough to establish cognitive distance from everyday experience so that the readers may adopt a critical view of them? The essay premises that the children's books on garbage mobilize a host of values in both children's literature and environmentalism, and that these books are also symptomatic examples that affect the way garbage is represented and understood for children. It first explores the common ways in which garbage is presented in children's books, and then discusses two recent examples-Here Comes the Garbage Barge (2010), written by Jonah Winter and illustrated by Chris Sickels, and I'm Not a Plastic Bag (2012) by Rachel Hope Allison-that examine garbage problems while minimizing didactic proselytizing that a conventional approach might foster. While the two books are a combination of fiction and non-fiction, similar in the depiction of human waste, they are very different in terms of content and style. The essay will read the two books along with Mary Douglas's theory of dirt as ＂matter out of place,＂ and Julia Kristeva's concept of the abject, exploring the extent to which the garbage problems are imaginatively and strategically addressed in Winter's and Allison's books. It argues that the two children's books demonstrate an ecological approach which not merely uses humor or hyperbole to get their message across, but also encourages alternative ways of seeing the waste we have made. The essay suggests that it is pedagogically significant to offer different eco-critical perspectives or be more socially conscious about garbage as part of environmental concern in children's books.
Parallel abstracts
雖然垃圾經常被視為生態或環保問題的一部份，但是童書如何呈現垃圾卻是一個再現的問題。本文認為描寫垃圾的童書涉及牽動兒童文學和環保主義兩個不同場域的論述與價值觀，表現成人如何再現垃圾並引導兒童認識垃圾。文章首先觀察童書中經常再現垃圾的方式，接著探討喬納‧溫特撰述，克里斯‧斯科繪圖的《垃圾船來了！》（2010）以及瑞秋‧艾利森所著的《我不是塑膠袋》（2012），審視這兩本書在呈現垃圾問題時如何減少說教。文章參佐瑪麗‧道格拉斯有關「污垢」的理論以及克莉斯蒂娃對於「卑賤」的理念，探討溫特與艾利森如何精采地呈現垃圾問題。本文主張，兩人作品所展示的生態環保視角，不僅用幽默或誇張的方式傳達旨意，而且鼓勵另類的方式看待人們製造的垃圾。文章也指出，在童書中提供不同的生態批評觀點，包括採取更具社會意識的方式處理垃圾問題，具有重要的教育意義。