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For the Impossibility of Saying "You": Indeterminate Subjectivity in the Intersubjective Writing of Elizabeth Bishop's "One Art"
說出「你」之不可能：伊莉莎白．碧許〈一門藝術〉中相互主體寫作的不確定主體
Abstracts
This article explores the difficulty of saying "you" in Elizabeth Bishop's poem "One Art" to demonstrate how Bishop creates a poetic subjectivity that allows another subject to exist in her narrative. This creative subjectivity distinguishes Bishop's poems from her poetic contexts: her narrative is more capable of intersubjective love than the confessional poetics, and her narrator turns the poetic description into an affectionate opening to others. To explicate the significance of Bishop's poetics, this article engages with Jacques Lacan's theory of female subjectivity and Gilles Deleuze's thoughts on signs in relation to the formation of an individual. This article proposes that Bishop's poem creates a subjectivity that can include a heterogeneous other through three aspects: firstly, the urgent need for writing and the impossibility of encompassing the lost other in her own narrative; secondly, the contingency of traits of the other that constantly restructures the subject; and lastly, the necessity of writing recreated as a practice of losing. The subjectivity Bishop creates in this poem is a subject who practices losing in order to fundamentally open herself to the other.
Keywords
Elizabeth Bishop ； Lacan ； Deleuze ； subjectivity ； the other ； impossibility ； contingencyParallel abstracts
本文探討伊莉莎白．碧許在詩作〈一門藝術〉中對「你」的難以言說，來展現碧許如何創造一個容許他者主體存在的詩學主體。這個創造性主體讓碧許的詩與她所在的詩學脈絡相異：她的敘述比起自白詩學更有相互主體的愛的能力，而她的敘述者把描述的詩學轉換成對他者敞開的情感開口。為了展開碧許詩學的重要意義，本文參照拉岡的女性主體理論以及德勒茲與個體形成相關的符號思考。本文從三個面向論述這首碧許的詩創造一個可以包含差異他者的主體性：其一、對寫作的急迫需要以及敘述如何不可能包含失落的他者。其二，他者各種特徵的偶然性如何不斷重新構成主體。其三，寫作的必要性如何被重新創造練習「失落」的方式。碧許在這首詩中創作的主體練習失落，以便根本性的把自己向他者打開。