臺灣各地之日射量估計問題

The Estimation of the Total Shortwave Radiation in Taiwan

顏俊士(C. S. Yen)

《大氣科學》 1卷1期 (1974/05) Pp. 72-80

摘要

太陽輻射量之探求是重要的問題。筆者利用1961至1970年間在臺北、臺南、花蓮及宜蘭四地，用魯比支日射計所測得之水平面日射積算量，雲量及日照率等資料，以統計學的方法檢討先進學者們之有關雲量及日照率和日射量間之經驗式在臺灣各地之可行性。所應用之經驗式如下：Q=Q0 (0.803-0.340C-0.458C^2) 　　　Black氏式Q=Q0 (1-O.37C-0.38C^2) 　　　　　　　　　　　 udyko氏式Q=Q0[1-(1-k) C] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Angström氏式Q=Q0 (a+b n/N) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Angström氏式計算結果，各經驗式估計值之年變化曲線與實測十年平均值之曲線，二者頗類似，其相關係數達0.93（Angström氏式），0.90（Budyko）氏式及0.72（Black氏式）。因此可見上項經驗式對於長期平均值之估計，為可行性。惟估計值與實測值聞之差距仍大。其月別平均值之十年變化，實測值與估計間之差異亦因地，因月季而各有差。主要係受測器誤差及地形所形成之雲類影響。最後之日照率有關之經驗式，計算結果，b值得0.37-0.43，有低緯度較大之傾向。但尚較先進學者所得數值為小。a值得0.11至0.37各地之變異較大，一切尚有待將來作更深入之探討。

並列摘要

In this paper, the author intends to make clear the relations between the cloud amount and the sunshine rate, and the radiant energy by using statistical method. The Data of solar radiation, cloud amount and rate of sunshine were used at the stations: Taipei, Tainan, Hwalien and Ilan from 1961 to 1970 in Taiwan. The empirical equations obtained by various researchers as follows were tested, Q=Q0 (0.803-0.340 C-0.458 C^2 ) Black's equation.Q=Q0 (1-0.37 C-0.38 C^2 ) Budyko's equation.Q=Q0 [1-(1-k) C ] Anögstrom's equation.Q=Q0 (a+b n/N) Anögstrom's equation.The curves of annual change of the estimated radiant energy dy above each equation are similar to that of the observed 10 years mean radiation. The correlation coefficients between the observed and the estimated are 0.93 (Angström's equation), 0.90(Budyko's equation.) and 0.72 (Black's equation). It seems that the each empirical equation is applicable for long period mean radiation in Taiwan. However the differences of radiation values between the estimated and the odserved are comparatively large. The monthly means of radiant energy for the estimated and the observed are different from place to place and by season to season. The main reasons of the differences are due to instrumental errors and kinds of cloud which generated topographically.The ”b” values of the last equation, 0.37 to 0.43 are obtained and have a tendency of the larger and lower latitude. These values are smaller than those of various researchers. The ”a” values are 0.11 to 0.37.