- 期刊
火葬場煙道廢氣排放戴奧辛之特徵
Characterizing the Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Crematories
摘要
本研究針對台灣三座火葬場（C1、C2與C3）進行其煙道廢氣排放戴奧辛(PCDD/Fs)特徵之研究，其中C1具有二次燃燒室但無空氣污染防治設備、C2無二次燃燒室及空氣污染防治設備而C3具有二次燃燒室且有設置一袋式集塵器。火葬場C1、C2與C3煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs之排放係數，其分別為13.6、41.1與6.11μgI-TEQ/body。若採用三座火葬場煙道廢氣排放係數之平均值來估算(20.3μg I-TEQ/body)，則每年火葬場煙道廢氣對PCDD/Fs之貢獻量為1.94g I-TEQ。若與台灣其他排放源比較，火葬場PCDD/Fs之貢獻量約與都市垃圾焚化爐(2.06g I-TEQ/year)相當，而為醫療廢棄物焚化爐(0.369g I-TEQ/year)之5.3倍。此結果顯示，在台灣火葬場PCDD/Fs之貢獻量並不能被忽略。此外，由於一般火葬場之煙囪高度均甚低，其所排放之污染物並不像大型都市垃圾焚化爐具有極高之煙囪可使污染物於高空稀釋，故火葬場所排放之PCDD/Fs可能對周界環境造成影響。而為了減少火葬場煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs之排放，既存或新設之火葬場可採行以下之措施：(1)增設第二燃燒室，並維持第一及第二燃燒室之溫度達800℃(2)增設空氣污染防治設備，且以洗滌塔加上有活性碳注入之袋式集塵器之組合視為最優先之考量(3)設立合格之採樣平台及採樣孔，用以檢測煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs之濃度。
並列摘要
This study investigates the characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins an d polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emissions from the stack flue gases of three crematories (C1, C2 and C3) in Taiwan. In these three crematories, C1 equipped one secondary combustion chamber but no air pollution control device (APCD); C2 equipped none secondary combustion and APCDs while C3 equipped one secondary combustion and bag filter as its APCD. The PCDD/F emission factors of C1, C2 and C3 are 13.6, 41.1 and 6.11 μg I-TEQ/body, respectively. By directly adopting the mean emission factors of these three crematories, this study yielded the annual PCDD/FI-TEQ emission for all crematories in Taiwan was 1.94gI-TEQ. Comparison with other emission sources in Taiwan, the PCDD/F contribution from crematories are comparable with that from municipal solid waste incinerators (2.06 g I-TEQ/year), and 5.3 times higher than that from medical waste incinerators (0.369 g I-TEQ/year). It reveals that the PCDD/F contribution from crematories can not be neglected in Taiwan. In addition, the crematories usually equip low stack and the dilution of the emitted stack flue gases is poor, not like that of the municipal solid waste incinerators with high stack, so PCDD/F emissions from crematories might influence the ambient environment. To reduce the PCDD/F emissions from the stack flue gases of crematories, the following measures are recommended for existing or new established crematories: (1) To set up the secondary combustion chamber an d maintain the temperature of the first and secondary combustion chamber at 800℃, (2) To set up the APCDs and take the combination of scrubber, activated carbon injection and bag filter as the first consideration, and (3) To set up the qualified sampling platform and sampling aperture for monitoring the PCDD/F emissions.