- 期刊
番石榴修枝材應用於中小學生工藝創作之研究
The Application of Pruned Psidium guajava Wood as the Creative Craft Materials for Elementary School and Junior High School Students
摘要
臺灣果樹產業極為發達，在果實帶來經濟效益的同時，修剪枝葉會生產出許多枝梢材與小徑材，如無妥善處理與利用，會徒增廢棄物與空氣污染和煙霾問題之外，對環境生態亦造成傷害。本研究旨對於番石榴（Psidium guajava）修枝材的處理方式及產出量加以分析評估，另外以最方便及經濟的方式，將番石榴修枝材處理成可以提供給中小學生作為工藝創作材料。目前全臺種植面積約在7,000公頃，每年的番石榴修枝材約有42,500公噸之多。番石榴修枝材屬於較硬的木質材料，型態枝徑小而彎曲，加工利用有所限制，無法規格化製作大型木質產品。經由CNS中華民國國家標準檢測木材之密度，番石榴修枝材氣乾密度為0.7g／cm^3，乾燥試驗中得知，材料烘乾以人工乾燥保留邊皮材烘箱溫度65℃較佳，能源消耗低，材料變異因素較小，採下後的修枝材必須盡快做乾燥處理，否則容易有發霉的風險。乾燥處理後的修枝材，具有各種不同的形態，中小學生只需使用較無危險性的工具，簡單的拼接膠合即可製作出動物、昆蟲和拼畫等模樣作品，對學生的創意概念與發想有很大幫助，更是提升藝術涵養的好教材。果農取得修枝材十分便利，且使用簡易的加工設備進行裁切與乾燥處理，依形狀歸類彙整加以編號，分裝成材料包，亦可帶來豐厚的產值。
並列摘要
Fruit industry is extremely developed in Taiwan. It not only brings economic benefits but also produces many branches and small diameter materials by pruning branches and leaves. Without proper treatment, these branches and small diameter materials will increase waste, air pollution, haze issue and damage the ecological environment. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze and evaluate the treatment methods and yield of guava (Psidium guajava) pruning materials. In addition, the guava pruning materials can be processed into materials for primary and junior high school students in the most convenient and economical way. The planting area of guava is about 7,000 hectares in Taiwan, and the annual guava pruning material is about 42,500 metric tons. Guava pruning material is a hard wood material. The shape of the branch is small and curved, so the processing and utilization are limited. It is difficult to standardize the processing of guava pruning material into large wooden products. Testing according to CNS, the air dry density of guava pruning material is 0.7 g/cm^3. In the drying test, oven drying at 65°C was better to retain barks, lower energy consumption, and smaller material variation. The pruned material after the harvest must be dried as soon as possible, otherwise there is a risk of mold. The dried pruning materials have various forms. Primary and junior high school students can use simple tools to create works such as animal, insect and collage. It is a great help for creativity and thinking, and it is also a good teaching material to improve artistic creation of students. The fruit grower can obtain the pruning materials conveniently, and they can cut and dry these pruning materials with simple processing equipment. They can classify and number pruning materials according to the shaped, and pack these pruning materials into a material package. It will bring an abundant production value.