- 期刊
市售栝樓根類藥材之鑑別
Studies on Adulteration and Misusage of Trichosanthis Radix in Taiwan Market
摘要
栝樓根又名天花粉，為常用中藥之一，始載於《神農本草經》，列為草部中品。具有清熱生津、消腫排膿之功，主治熱病煩渴，肺熱燥咳，內熱消渴及瘡瘍腫毒等。本品以葫蘆科(Cucobitaceae)植物栝樓Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.的乾燥根為正品。由於中國大陸幅員遼闊及地域使用略異，且目前市售品除正品外，另有產量較大，使用較多的同屬四川主產的雙邊栝樓（中華栝樓）T. rosthornii Harms的根，又文獻記載在中國西南地區尚有以不同屬植物之根充用，其來源頗為混淆。有鑑於此，本研究為了解台灣對於栝樓根類藥材之使用情形，由生藥組織學之鑑別及理化鑑別方法予以探討。 以採逢機取樣方式價購台灣北、中、南三地中藥材商市售栝樓根共50件，並與栝樓根、雙邊栝樓、長萼栝樓、茅瓜根、王瓜根、木鼈根子六種對照藥材比對。由文獻之比對並以性狀特徵、組織鏡檢、理化法鑑定其基原。經由調查栝樓根檢體50件中，確認有46件為栝樓(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)，3件為雙邊栝樓(T. rosthornii Harms)，1件為長萼栝樓(T. laceribractea Hayata)，在台灣市售栝樓根藥材中未發現以王瓜、木鼈、茅瓜之根充當為栝樓根使用。 本研究建立栝樓根類藥材之鑑別方法，可供為本局及相關機構對中藥村之業務執行及藥廠品管或中藥村業者用藥之參考，以利使用正確之藥材及安全。
並列摘要
Trichosanthis Radix (Kua-lou-ken) is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine that has been used to ”clear heat, moisten dryness, discharge pus, disperse swelling, promote secretion of fluids, and quench thirst.” Trichosanthis Radix was first appeared in the Tu Ching Pen Tsao under the name Tienhua-feng, as derived from the whitish powder grounded from the roots. It is presented in the Shen Nung Pai Taso Ching as a medium-grade drug. The sources of Trichosanthis Radix are mainly the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, Trichosanthes rosthorniii Harms of the Curcubitaceae family, and other closely related plants. In order to ascertain the botanical origins of this herb, we purchased fifty samples of kua-lou-ken from Chinese herbal stores in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung areas, and collected T. kirilowii, T. rosthornii, T cucumeroides (Seringe) Maxim. Ex Fr. & Sav., Melithria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn. And Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng as the authentic materials. Samples were compared with authentic materials with their characteristics identified by morphology and microscopy. The results showed that the forty-six samples were identified as Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., three were Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms and one was Trichosanthes laceribractea Hayata.