- 期刊
兩種生物炭方法學獲取碳權之制度分析
System Analysis for Two Biochar Methodologies Obtaining Carbon Credits
摘要
由於生物炭應用可增加碳吸存並減緩溫室氣體的排放，現今已被認可為減緩全球氣候變遷之重要技術。本研究旨在介紹並比較應用生物碳減碳之方法學，藉此瞭解碳權計算的標準規範。自2018年IPCC提出生物炭的概念後，J-credit及VCS也發展出應用生物炭獲取碳權，進行碳抵換機制的方法學。前者聚焦於農地或牧地土壤的生物炭應用，後者則不僅止於土壤應用，尚擴及非土壤。兩個方法學均強調生物炭原料來源必須能夠永續，且應取自於各類活動的生質剩餘資材，而非專為製作生物炭目的而生產。在溫度、實驗方法等不同條件下，生產的生物炭的製作過程也必須符合溫度、熱解法、氣化法等不同條件規範，產品也必須符合國際檢驗標準。兩個方法學均應用生命週期的概念計算碳權，包含計算運輸、生產、應用等步驟產生的碳抵換。由於農林業環境的異質性高，本研究建議未來可提出適用於我國農林業的生物炭應用方法學，以增進台灣之碳抵換機制。
並列摘要
Biochar application is now recognized as a novel technique for mitigating global climate change due to its ability to increase carbon sequestration and minimize greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to introduce and compare different methodologies for biochar application in order to meet the standard specifications required for calculating carbon credits. Since IPCC proposed the biochar concept in 2018, methodologies for applying biochar to obtain carbon credits for carbon offsets have been proposed by J-credit and VCS (Verified Carbon Standard). The former focuses on applying biochar to agricultural and crop land, while the latter applies biochar not only to soil but also to non-soil scopes. Both methodologies focus on ensuring a sustainable supply of feedstock sources. The feedstock should be biomass waste from various actions, rather than being primarily produced for biochar purpose. Various biochar products should be manufactured following standardized production processes, such as temperature control, pyrolysis, or gasification. All biochar products should be verified to meet the international inspection standards. The carbon credits calculated by these two methodologies apply the life cycle concept to account for carbon offset at each step, including transportation, manufacturing, and application, among others. Due to the high heterogeneity of agriculture and forestry, further studies can customize appropriate biochar application methodologies to enhance the carbon offset mechanism in Taiwan.