- 期刊
由探源芮哈Rziha公式到檢視集流時間
From Exploring the Source of the Rziha Formula to Evaluating Time of Concentration
摘要
長期以來，芮哈Rziha公式的原始文獻不但遍尋不著，也不曾在世界主流水文領域被引用，卻在日本萌芽，在台灣結果，成為具法律位階的集流時間公式。本文藉由日本、德國、奧地利文獻的深入考證，釐清1996年以來台灣水土保持技術規範中持續出現的Rziha公式，其實與Rziha無關，應正名為巴伐利亞（Bavaria）慣用公式。而在2014年版水土保持手冊中曾經與Rziha公式一同出現的Kraven公式，其實與Kraven無關，也不是公式，而是Rziha提出的一組數據。從未出現過的Rziha公式與Kraven公式，凸顯了台灣早年學界疏於文獻考證，且過於信任權威而未探究學理。此外，隨著學理的精進，集流時間已不再需要區域性的經驗公式，而需由運動波理論探求集流時間的基本形態，並與數值地形結合發展新一階段的演算模式。本文藉由探究Rziha公式，反思學術研究態度，同時建議水土保持技術規範僅應言明技術原則與行為準則，將日新月異的公式或數值納入水土保持手冊。
並列摘要
The Rziha formula has long been a puzzle. Adopted as the formula to estimate the time of concentration in the legal Regulations of Soil and Water Conservation (RSWC) in Taiwan, its source could never be identified, nor has it ever been cited in international mainstream hydrological circles, except in Japan. This study investigated source documents from Japan, Germany, and Austria to uncover the story behind the formula; his investigation revealed that it bears no association to Rziha, but should instead be called the Bavarian (Bayern) conventional formula. The Kraven formula, which appeared alongside the Rziha formula in the 2014 Handbook of Soil and Water Conservation, has no connection to Kraven but is instead a set of data proposed by Rziha. These two ghost formulas have long been neglected in the research literature, which instead practiced blind obedience to the authority of Taiwanese academia. With the advance of hydrological theories, practitioners need no longer rely on empirical formulas but can estimate time of concentration using the kinematic wave model or numerical simulation combined with digital terrain models. Reflecting on the attitude of academic research, the RSWC is recommended to include only guiding principles and reserve the ever-changing formulas for the Handbook.