- 期刊
利用無人機於邊坡噴植－創新技術可行性研究
Spray Planting on Side Slopes Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: An Innovation and Feasibility Study
摘要
陡峭崩塌邊坡很難接近去執行復原的植栽工作。在此情況下，利用無人機遠端操作的噴植技術能夠找到安全可行的方法，對施工困難的區域進行植栽。本文提出一個新的噴植技術，達成測試實驗。以本土的種籽填塞在子彈型外包，裝載在無人機上噴射至邊坡上。透過GPS定位瞄準與飛行路線規劃，種籽子彈可以精確的噴植到規劃的區域。本技術發展一套噴植機構、製作種籽子彈、40發子彈的彈匣、以及100psi的噴壓系統，噴射種籽子彈沾黏到邊坡上等待發芽。種籽子彈為環保材料，包含本土適用的種籽品種、當地的泥土、紙吸管、牙籤等，可以完全分解於大自然。創新的實驗包含系統規劃、設計製造、場域選擇、噴植測試、紀錄及改進，以建立一套可用的標準作業程序以符合未來的推廣。無人機噴植過程可以飛到陡峭邊坡（>60%）上去發射種籽子彈，有60%的沾粘成功率。在雨季降臨後，歷經2至3個月的發芽期，觀測到好的初步成果。在兩個20平方公尺的面積內，草本植物發芽率達到37.5%及58.5%；一個55平方公尺的面積內，木本植物覆蓋率達到0.75至2.84棵幼苗／平方公尺。本研究的結果發展出對陡峭的崩塌邊坡做植栽復原方便可用的技術，可以安全有效的完成任務。
並列摘要
Steep and collapsed side slopes pose challenges for recovery planting. Spray planting using a remotely operated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can serve as a safe and feasible solution for recovery planting under such circumstances. In this study, native seeds were molded into bullets and mounted onto a UAV to be precisely shot onto side slopes with the assistance of the Global Positioning System and path planning. The proposed technology comprises a spray mechanism, seed bullets, 40 bullet magazines, and a 100-psi air blast system to inject the seed bullets into the side slope for germination. The seed bullets were composed of ecofriendly materials-including native species, local soil, paper straws, and tooth sticks-all of which decompose naturally. The proposed innovative experimental plan comprises multiple stages-namely system planning, design and manufacture, site selection, spray planting tests, and recording and improvement-to establish a standard operation procedure for future application. The spray planting technique accomplished an attachment rate of 60% on side slopes steeper than 60%. After the monsoons and 2-3 months of germination, the planting site exhibited favorable preliminary results. Specifically, the germination rates of grass species were 37.5%, 58.5%, and 71% over two regions with areas of 20 m^2 each. Furthermore, the germination coverage rates of tree species were 0.75, 2.1, and 2.84 saplings/m^2 over a region covering an area of 55 m^2. This study demonstrated a feasible and useful technology for effectively accomplishing recovery planting on steep side slopes.