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雲嘉南地區水稻葉鞘腐敗病發生調查與防治策略
Investigation and control of rice sheath rot disease in Tainan District
摘要
Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw.引起之水稻葉鞘腐敗病(Sheath rot)，為水稻生育後期常見之病害。自103年至106年，連續四年於雲林縣、嘉義縣市、臺南市水稻主要田區進行調查，結果顯示此病害在田間為普遍存在。在四年的調查期間均顯示以二期作罹病情形較一期作嚴重，特別是在105年二期作水稻種植期間遇到梅姬颱風侵臺，當年度之田間罹病度為4年中最高，因此，本病害之防治在二期作尤其重要，若遇颱風等強風豪雨過後更應加強防治。雲嘉南地區近4年之罹病情形，皆以臺南市最為嚴重，嘉義縣市次之，雲林縣最輕微，可能與愈往南溫度愈高有關。連續4年調查臺灣29個商業品種之罹病差異，結果顯示臺農79號、臺稉16號、臺東32號、臺南11號及桃園3號等5個品種，對本病害具有較高之抗病性，而最感病的5個品種則分別為臺中秈10號、高雄146號、臺稉11號、臺南16號及臺農84號。於實驗室內初步篩選防治藥劑，並於溫室內進行盆栽上的防治試驗，結果顯示於孕穗期與抽穗期二個時期，以菲克利或貝芬同兩種不同作用機制之藥劑防治，可呈現較好之防治效果。於104年及105年分別在臺南市後壁區及嘉義縣民雄鄉進行田間防治試驗，其中104年後壁區試驗田，配合田間情形，於抽穗期在試驗組多施用一次菲克利防治，結果顯示對照組與試驗組的罹病度分別為21.9%與17.1%，25欉產量分別為803公克與1,059公克，105年在民雄鄉試驗田，試驗組於孕穗與抽穗期施用貝芬同進行防治，對照組與試驗組之罹病度分別為56.0%與47.4%，25欉產量分別為561公克與661公克。二年的田間試驗結果顯示，於適當時期施用貝芬同或菲克利進行防治，可有效降低葉鞘腐敗病之罹病情形並增加產量。經由田間調查及防治試驗結果，建議葉鞘腐敗病的防治策略包括於二期作選擇種植較抗病之品種，於孕穗期與抽穗期選用與貝芬同或菲克利相同作用機制藥劑進行防治，能有效降低葉鞘腐敗病之發生。現有技術：現今無防治葉鞘腐敗病之登記藥劑，病害發生時造成二期作產量降低。創新內容：篩選出可防治葉鞘腐敗病之防治藥劑，且為已登記於水稻使用之防治藥劑，作為農友防治之參考。對產業影響：可以減少二期作受病害影響造成產量減少，確保收益。
並列摘要
Sheath rot of rice caused by Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw is a common disease of rice. The disease is generally widespread in the rice growing area. In the first crop, the disease severity is relatively mild, but serious in the second rice crop. If rice is affected by typhoon, the disease severity was more even serious. In this study, the disease was most serious in Tainan, followed was Chiayi County, and Yunlin County. It revealed that the disease appeared towards the south. After 4 years of investigation in 29 different varieties, the five varieties which were more resistant than the others were TNG 79, TK 16, TT 32, TN 11, and TY 3, and the more sensitive varieties were TCS 10, KH 146, TK 11, TN 16, and TNG 84. After screening of the fungicides in the lab, and potted rice test in the greenhouse, the results showed that the fungicides, HEXACONAZOLE and ＂CARBENDAZIM + IPRODIONE＂, and sprayed at the booting stage and the heading stage, were found with better control effects. For the test of HEXACONAZOLE in the field at Houbi in 2015, the disease severity for the control and treatment was respectively 21.9% and 17.1%, and the yield of 25 hille were 803 g and 1,059 g, respectively. For the test of CARBENDAZIM + IPRODIONE at Minsyong in 2016, the disease severity for the control and treatment was 56% and 47.4%, and the yield of 25 hille were 561g and 661g, respectively. Thepore the control of rice sheath rot can reduce disease severity and increase rie yield. What is already known on this subject? Nowadays, no fungicide is registered for control of sheath rot of rice, and the yield in the second crop is greatly affected by the disease. What are the new findings? We screened out new fungicides for the control of sheath rot of rice. And the fungicides were registered for rice. What is the expected impact on this field? The disease severity can be reduced and the rice yield can be increased by applying the fungicides.