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無人植保機防治荔枝椿象之研究
Study on the control of litchi stink bugs (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
摘要
近來無人植保機因作業效率高，運用在病蟲害防治研究日益增多。本研究探討以無人植保機應用於荔枝椿象防治之可行性。首先以局部滴定法測試48.34%丁基加保扶水基乳劑、2.8%第滅寧乳劑、2.8%賽洛寧乳劑及20%亞滅培水溶性粉劑對荔枝椿象成蟲毒性試驗，結果顯示以2.8%第滅寧乳劑藥效最佳，可造成荔枝椿象成蟲65%的死亡率。接下來應用無人植保機測試2.8%第滅寧乳劑於荔枝椿象交配產卵期及若蟲大量發生期間防治荔枝椿象效果，同時以水試紙評估無人植保機噴灑藥劑霧滴的分布情形。結果顯示霧滴附著度於不同方位間沒有顯著差異，但葉面附著度顯著優於葉背。配合荔枝椿象聚集於新梢或花穗上取食特性，於荔枝椿象若蟲大量發生期防治可達較高防治率，經過兩次噴藥處理後可達到99%防治率。經由本研究結果得知，應用無人植保機防治荔枝椿象相較於傳統人工施藥方式，不僅能節省7/8的用水量，施藥的作業時間與人力皆減少50%，又可達到高防治效果。現有技術：國內無人植保機主要應用於水稻病蟲害防治研究，果樹病蟲害防治研究並不多。同時荔枝椿象藥劑防治主要以傳統人工施藥方式，如背負式電動噴霧或拉管式噴藥。創新內容：本研究探討無人植保機於荔枝椿象交配產卵期及若蟲大量發生期間防治荔枝椿象效果，配合荔枝椿象發生生態特性，於荔枝椿象若蟲大量發生期防治可達較高防治率。對產業影響：解決坡地果樹噴藥的困難，降低噴藥用水量，並提供荔枝椿象新的防治方法。
並列摘要
Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been increasingly used in research on pest control due to its high operating efficiency. This study explored the feasibility of applying UAV to control the litchi stink bugs (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury). First, we use topical bioassays to assess efficacy of four pesticides, such as Carbosulfan 48.34% EW, Deltamethrin 2.8% EC, Cyhalothrin 2.8% EC and Cyhalothrin 2.8% EC for the control of litchi stink bug. The topical bioassays results indicated that Deltamethrin 2.8% EC caused 65% mortality in litchi stink bug adults, which is higher than the other testing pesticides. Next, UAV was used to evaluate the efficacy of Deltamethrin 2.8% EC during the mating and oviposition period of litchi stink bugs and during the nymph occurrence period. At the same time, water-sensitive paper was used to evaluate the distribution of pesticide droplets sprayed by UAV. The water-sensitive paper results showed that there was no significant difference in the droplet adhesion between different directions, but the attachment degree of the leaf surface was significantly better than on the leaf back. In accordance with the feeding characteristics of litchi stink bugs gathering on new shoots or flower-budwoods , the control efficacy of litchi stink bugs during the period of mass occurrence of litchi stink bug nymphs can get a higher control rate. After two spraying pesticide treatments, the control rate can reach 99%. Finally, according to the results of this study, compared to manual application of pesticides, UAV can not only save 7/8 of the water consumption, but also reduce 50% of the time and labor, and achieve high control efficacy. What is already known on this subject? Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is mainly used in the research of rice pest control in Taiwan, but there are few studies focusing on fruit tree pest control. At the same time, the litchi stink bugs (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) pesticides is mainly applied by traditional manual methods, such as knapsack electric spray or pull tube spray. What are the new findings? This study evaluated UAV on the control of litchi stink bugs during the mating and oviposition period and the occurrence of nymphs. With the ecological characteristics of litchi stink bugs, the higher control efficacy of litchi stink bugs during the occurrence of nymphs can be achieved. What is the expected impact on this field? Solve the difficulty of spraying pesticides on sloping fruit trees, reduce the water consumption of spraying, and provide new control methods for litchi stink bugs.