- 期刊
- OpenAccess
自走式土壤蒸汽消毒機之開發
Development of Self-propelled Soil Steam Sterilizer
摘要
近年來許多農地長期連續使用，導致連作障礙影響作物生長。無論土傳性病蟲害或土壤理化性質劣化問題，現行防治方法均有不具足之處。土壤蒸汽消毒不僅能減少殺菌劑、殺蟲劑及殺草劑的施用，且利用物理方法無化學藥劑殘留問題，能降低農藥對環境的污染問題，且可提高作物產量及品質。相較於其他土壤處理方法，蒸汽處理消毒在短時間內即可獲得防治成效。本研究配合產業需求已完成「自走式土壤蒸汽消毒機」研發，作業機臺採用電力驅動無空氣汙染，適合在溫室內進行作業。利用履帶式載臺吊掛蒸汽釘床，批次式進行消毒作業。作業時遮罩式釘床罩在畦面上，蒸汽釘管插入土層深處釋放蒸汽，蒸汽侷限在遮罩內不易逸散而能使土層快速升溫。蒸汽處理過之土壤經採樣分析結果顯示，土壤電導度及有機質處理前後未達到顯著差異。有效性磷、交換性鉀在蒸汽處理後皆有下降的趨勢，並於處理1個月後回升。蒸汽處理後FDA（Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis） 減少達到顯著差異。放線菌群並未因蒸汽處理而減少，溶磷菌則受到蒸汽處理影響。本技術未來可應用於降低土傳性病蟲害、殺滅雜草種籽及改善連作障礙。現有技術：現行蒸汽消毒之做法於畦面上鋪設蒸汽管，其上方再覆蓋耐熱帆布，使高溫蒸汽由畦面滲入土層進行消毒，作業方式費時費工。創新內容：機臺利用電力驅動操作簡便，無空氣汙染及噪音，適合在溫室內進行作業。對產業影響：本技術可應用於降低土傳性病蟲害、改善連作障礙及殺滅雜草種籽，能減少化學藥劑使用及降低人工成本。
並列摘要
In recent years, the long-term continuous use of many farmlands has resulted in continuous cropping obstacles affecting crop growth. Regardless of soil-borne diseases and insect pests or the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, the current control methods have shortcomings. Soil steam treatment can not only reduce the application of fungicides, insecticides and herbicides, but also using physical methods to eliminate the problem of chemical residues, reduce the pollution of pesticides to the environment, and improve crop yield and quality. Compared with other soil treatment methods, steam disinfection can achieve effectiveness of pest control in a short time. This research has accomplished the aim of development of "self-propelled soil steam sterilizer" for agricultural needs. Since the working machine is driven by electricity without air pollution, it is suitable for working in the greenhouse. The crawler-type carrier is used to carry the steam nail bed, and the disinfection operation is carried out in batches. During operation, the nail bed with cover is placed on the bed surface, and the steam nail tube is inserted deeply into the soil to release steam. The steam is confined within the cover and heat dissipation is prevented, causing the soil to heat up rapidly. The results of sampling and analysis of the steam-treated soil showed that there was no significant difference in soil conductivity and organic matter before and after treatment. Both available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium tended to decrease after steam treatment, and recovered 1 month after treatment. The FDA reduction after steam treatment reached a significant difference. The actinomycetes were not reduced by the steam treatment, while the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were affected by the steam treatment. The technology can be applied to reduce soil-borne diseases and insect pests, kill weed seeds and improve continuous cropping obstacles in the future. What is already known on this subject? The current practice of steam sterilization is to lay steam pipes on farmland and cover them with heat-resistant canvas, so that high-temperature steam penetrates into the soil layer from the surface for sterilization, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. What are the new findings? The working machine is driven by electric power, which is easy to operate, has no air pollution and noise, and is suitable for operation in the greenhouse. What is the expected impact on this field? The technology can be applied to reduce soil-borne diseases and insect pests, improve continuous cropping obstacles and kill weed seeds, and can reduce the use of chemical agents and labor costs.