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北部地區小果油茶病蟲害發生調查及油茶炭疽病防治資材篩選
Investigation of diseases and pests on Camellia brevistyla and the fungicides and non-chemical materials screening on the anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in northern Taiwan
摘要
本研究調查北部地區小果油茶病蟲害發生種類，並對3種油茶重要病蟲害－新植油茶害蟲中華褐金龜（Adoretus sinicus）、成樹油茶害蟲彫木蛾（Casmara patrona）及油茶炭疽病（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides），瞭解其田間發生生態，進行危害調查並篩選炭疽病化學藥劑及非化學防治資材，作為後續管理對策訂定之依據，以提供農民栽培管理油茶及其病蟲害防治適期之參考。調查結果顯示，小果油茶害蟲蟎種類有7目22科35種，病害種類有7種。以黃色黏板調查油茶小型害蟲，薊馬類害蟲族群數量於開花期到達高峰；中華褐金龜食害程度36%，油茶彫木蛾危害發生株率48%，鞘線蟲族群密度於2月為高峰期；油茶炭疽病菌週年消長調查結果，其罹病度4.5%以5月為全年最高。測試化學藥劑及植物精油對炭疽病菌株菌絲生長，以25.9%得克利水基乳劑稀釋1,500倍、25%撲克拉水基乳劑稀釋2,000倍及肉桂油稀釋1,000倍處理可有效抑制炭疽病菌絲生長，抑制率皆達100%。
並列摘要
The objective of this study was surveyed on the identification and fluctuation of diseases and insect pests on Camellia brevistyla in northern Taiwan. We were investigated the incidences of the important diseases and insect pests of Camellia, including Adoretus sinicus, Casmara patrona and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and screened fungicides and plant essential oils for the anthracnose (C. gloeosporioides) in order to determine ecology variation status for further pest management. The results showed that 35 species of insects and mites belonging to 7 orders, 22 families, and 7 kinds of diseases were recorded. Capture of the thrips on yellow sticky cards, the population of thrips were higher in the flowering period. The high density of nematode populations, Hemicriconemoides spp. were 280 per 100 g soil in February. The hazard investigation of A. sinicus and C. patrona, the results were 36% and 48%. The anthracnose (C. gloeosporioides) that the peak occurrence was in May (Diseased degree: 4.5%). Inhibitory effects of chemical fungicides and non-chemical materials - essential oils on mycelial growth of anthracnose fungi, the results showed that 25.9% Tebuconazole EW at 1:1,500 dilution, 25% Prochloraz EW at 1:2,000 dilution and cinnamon oil at 1:1,000 dilution had a better effect to the anthracnose.