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水蜜桃吸果夜蛾種類調查及防治初探
Primary Investigation of Fruit Piercing Moths (FPMs) and Control Strategies on Peach
摘要
本研究於桃園市復興區上巴陵水蜜桃果園調查吸果夜蛾種類及其占比，並進行食餌誘集、燈光誘引及燈光驅避等三種吸果夜蛾防治方法初測。吸果夜蛾種類調查結果，計有2科12屬19種。以口喙具硬棘之綠斑枯葉裳蛾（Eudocima okurai（Okano, 1964））占調查總數73.2%為主要種類；經鏡檢確認具硬棘口喙之種類計1科3屬7種，為裳蛾科（Erebidae）之落葉裳蛾屬（Eudocima Billberg, 1820）、鈴斑翅裳蛾屬（Serrodes Guenée, 1852）及宇裳蛾屬（Avatha Walker, [1858]），占調查總數88.6%，其中落葉裳蛾屬占調查總數82.3%。食餌誘集測試項目皆無吸果夜蛾尋訪取食行為。以315、335及360 nm三種不同波長吸入式捕蟲燈進行為期一週誘引測試，僅315及335 nm捕蟲燈誘集到無硬棘口喙之苧麻夜蛾（Arcte coerula（Guenée, 1852））及庸肖毛翅裳蛾（Thyasjuno（Dalman, 1823）），無法捕獲綠斑枯葉裳蛾等具硬棘口喙之吸果夜蛾。以主要波長550-660 nm之黃光LED燈管可驅避吸果夜蛾，但光源照射處以外之暗部仍有吸果夜蛾出沒危害果實。本次研究記錄上巴陵水蜜桃吸果夜蛾種類及捕集占比，確認以口喙具硬棘之綠斑枯葉裳蛾乃危害水蜜桃最重要之吸果夜蛾，其幼蟲取食木通科植物如石月（Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata），該植物普遍分布於調查果園周邊林道及雜木林中，成蛾入夜後飛入果園危害。未來將以改良式避蛾燈研製為主要防治方向。
並列摘要
The outcome of the investigation of fruit piercing moths (FPMs) on peach revealed a total of 2 families, 12 genuses and 19 species at Shungbaing, Fuxing District, Taoyuan City. The Eudocima okurai (Okano, 1964) with a sclerotized proboscis was the main species, taking up 73.2% of the total investigation number. Upon microscopic examination, it was confirmed that the types of sclerotized proboscides were 1 families, 3 genuses and 7 species: Eudocima Billberg from Erebidae (82.3% of the total investigation number), while Serrodes Guenée and Avatha Walker took 88.6%. The baiting attraction test items reveled a non-searching for food trapping of FPMs. The light trapping test was carried out using 3 types of UV light radiation (315, 335 and 360 nm) insects light trapping device an one-week. Only the 315 nm and 335 nm light trapping device managed to catch Arcte coerula Guenée and Thyas juno Dalman. The FPMs such as E. okurai with the sclerotized proboscis were unable to be captured. The 550-660 nm wavelength yellow light repellent light tubes were mainly used. However, FPMs still appeared in the dark areas where light was not shown, damaging the fruits. The study had the first recorded the types of FPMs on peach and the hazard proportion in Taiwan. It was confirmed that the E. okurai with the sclerotized proboscis was the important FPMs damaging the peach in Fuxing District of Taoyuan. Their larvae feed on the plants from the Lardizabalaceae, such as the Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata, which distributes among the peripheral forests and miscellaneous tree forests. The FPMs fly into the orchard at night, damaging the fruit. Investigation into the moth repellent light will be the mainstream of future improvement and development.