- 期刊
臺灣地區的出生體重與懷胎週數之次數分佈
Frequecy Distribution of Birth Weight and Gestational Age in Taiwan
摘要
由於出生體重與週產期死亡率有密切關係，因此出生體重的研究深受重視。本研究收集台灣中部某個教學醫院1997年至1987年（缺1980年）間出生單胎活產嬰兒共35919人的出生資料，其平均出生體重為3163公克±486公克；男嬰為3211公克±499公克（N=18865人）；女嬰為3110公克±466公克（N=17054人）；平均懷胎週數為39.7週±2.1週。就分佈而言，出生體重的偏態為-0.86、峰度為3.13；懷胎週數的偏態-2.11、峰度10.29，二者皆是高峰度且左傾的類似常態分佈，由於出生體重與懷胎週數有高度相關，故有壞分懷胎週數的出生體重分佈而言，其低傾之殘餘分佈可能來自低懷胎週數，而低懷胎週數的胎兒各器官組織尚不成熟較脆弱，導致高週產期死亡率。再者出生體重分佈與理論常態相交於1500公克至2000公克間，可分為類似常態的主體分佈與偏左的殘餘分佈，很多研究指出後者與週產死亡關係密切，須進一步分析。其次，由懷胎週數40週的平均出生體重為3239±385公克、偏態0.16和峰度0.75，其分佈合乎常態分佈，可得各懷胎週數別的出生體重較呈常態分佈，因此本研究提出懷胎週數別的出生體重詳細分佈圖表，可作為醫學相關研究上的常模標準。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Perinatal mortality rate is closely related to birth weight. We collected data on 35919 single liveborn babies at a teaching hospital in central Taiwan between 1977 and 1987, excluding 1980. The average birth weights of the two sexes combined, and of male and female live births separately, were 3163±486 gm, 3211±499 gm (N=18865) and 3110±466 gm (N=17054), respectively. The average gestational age of these live births was 39.7±2.1 weeks. The skewness and kurtosis of birth weight and gestational age distribution were -0.86 and 3.13, and -2.11 and 10.29, respectively. The two distributions indicated high kurtosis and left skewness, and were approximately normally distributed. Because birth weight and gestational age are highly associated, the skew-to-left residual distribution of birth weight might have bee induced by low gestational age. Babies of low gestational age might not be able to develop mature organs and tissues, which, the results in high perinatal mortality. The distribution of birth weight intersects the normal curve within the region between 1500 gm and 2000 gm, which means that we may divide it into a predominant part and a residual part. Many articles have shown that the residual part is highly correlated to perinatal mortality rate and deserves further analysis. The average birth weight with gestational age at 40 weeks was 3239±385 gm, skewness and kurtosis were 0.16 and 0.75, respectively. The birth-weight distribution for a given number of gestational weeks is closer to the normal distribution. This paper provides standard figures and tables of birth weight with specific gestational age as a norm for related medical research.