人造感潮濕地蘆葦管理機制及其對棲地影響

The Management Mechanism for Reed of Created Tidal Wetland and its Influence on Habitat Quality

吳思儒(Szu-Ju Wu) ； 黃耀陞(Yao-Sheng Huang) ； 黃國文(Gwo-Wen Hwang) ； 陳建志(Chien-Chin Chen) ； 方偉達(Wei-Ta Fang)

《農業工程學報》 69卷4期 (2023/12) Pp. 39-50

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.202312_69(4).0003

摘要

基隆河下游社子島新舊防潮堤間的人造感潮濕地屬於東亞澳候鳥遷徙帶之臺灣北部河川濕地，為潮間帶感潮濕地，吸引眾多水鳥。而設置後蘆葦逐漸大量擴張，棲地漸呈單一化，故本研究以低干擾、低成本、高效率及劣化慢之蘆葦管理機制，運用人工機具移除蘆葦地上部，以增加灘地面積，提升棲地多樣性。本研究以現地蘆葦移除試驗、全潮測量、水理分析及棲地適合度指標等方法，建置蘆葦管理機制。研究成果顯示，現地試驗蘆葦移除後，7～12月份蘆葦平均生長速率約為0.6～2.0 cm／日，且前後期差異大。以驗證後HEC-RAS模式分析社子島人造感潮濕地之水位超越機率及浸淹機率，整合建置蘆葦生長平均速率之浸淹機率棲地適合度（INHSI），當浸淹機率為35%時，為棲地適合度最佳之INHSI=1。本研究建議考量INHSI之蘆葦管理機制，以低干擾、低成本、高效率及劣化慢特性之簡易控制方式，進行人造感潮濕地植被之管理。相似的人造感潮濕地可運用本研究發展之蘆葦管理機制適當管理植被，以有效率地進行濕地之棲地多樣性管理工作。

關鍵字

感潮濕地 ； 蘆葦 ； 管理機制 ； 浸淹機率 ； 棲地適合度指標

並列摘要

The created tidal wetland between the new and old dikes on Shezidao Island in the downstream area of the Keelung River belong to the northern Taiwan riverine wetlands of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. It is a tidal wetland that attracted numerous shorebirds. However, after the establishment, the reeds gradually expanded in large quantities, resulting in a homogenization of the habitat. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a low-disturbance, cost-effective, efficient, and slow-degradation mechanism for reed management. It employed artificial machinery to remove the upper parts of the reeds to increase the bare mudflat and enhance habitat diversity. This study established a reed management mechanism using on-site reed removal experiments, tidal measurements, hydraulic analysis, and habitat suitability index. The results of the study showed that after on-site reed removal experiments, the average growth rate of reeds from July to December was approximately 0.6 to 2.0 cm/day, with significant differences between the early and late periods. By using the verified HEC-RAS model to analyze the water level exceedance probability and inundation probability of the created tidal wetlands on Shezidao Island, and integrating the inundation probability with the average reed growth rate, the habitat suitability index (INHSI) was developed. When the inundation probability was 35 %, the INHSI reached its optimum value of 1, indicating the best habitat suitability. This study recommends considering the reed management mechanism based on INHSI, which offers a simple control method with low disturbance, low cost, high efficiency, and slow degradation characteristics for the vegetation in created tidal wetlands. Created tidal wetlands can effectively manage vegetation using the reed management mechanism developed in this study to enhance habitat diversity management in wetlands.

並列關鍵字

Tidal wetland ； Reed ； Management mechanism ； Inundation probability ； Habitat suitability index

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