圍堵思維與遠東地區冷戰脈絡的開展

圍堵思維緣起於戰後的蘇聯對外採全面擴張政策，挑戰既有的國際秩序，使得戰爭期間美、英、蘇三國所建構的同盟體制，再也無法靠協商解決三國之間的爭議。此時應時而生的圍堵思維因不主張強硬對決，又能適時發揮美國優勢，故即刻成為美國外交的主流論述。旨在探討圍堵思維與遠東地區冷戰格局開展之間互動關係的本文，為釐清美國政府在遠東地區落實圍堵政策的過程，首先解析圍堵思維為何成為美國反制蘇聯對外擴展政策核心理念之始末。復次，再探索何以東北接收局勢的失控，美國退出國共調處，會造成中美關係生變，以致美國決定全面棄守國民政府。最後，再聚焦於探索何以中共勢力的崛起，會導致美國改以扶植日本，作為遏制共產勢力在遠東地區擴張的手段。

關鍵字

圍堵思維；冷戰；遠東地區；國共和談

並列摘要

The notion of containment originated from the comprehensive expansionism by the Soviet Union after World War II, which challenged the existing international order, and made it impossible for the alliance system established by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union during the war to resolve disputes among them through negotiation. The notion of containment that emerged at this time immediately became the mainstream discourse of U.S. diplomacy, because it did not advocate tough confrontation and took U.S.'s advantages at the right time. This article aims to explore the interactive relationship between the containment ideology and the development of the Cold War layout in the Far East. In order to clarify the process of the U.S. government's implementation of the containment policy in the Far East, it first analyzes the full story of why the containment ideology became one of the core concepts of the U.S. policy to counter the Soviet Union's external expansion. Then, it explores why the Northeastern China takeover situation grew out of control and the United States withdrew from the Nationalist -Communist mediation, which led to changes in Sino-U.S. relations, leading to the United States completely abandoning the Nationalist government. Finally, this article explores how the rise of the Chinese Communist Party prompted the United States to support Japan as a means to curb the expansion of Communist power in the Far East.