Decapod crustaceans include three main groups and they are Macrura (or shrimps and lobsters), Brachyura (or crabs) and Anomura (i.e. hermit crabs and alikes). Only very limited species of decapod crustaceans, such as coconut crabs and land crabs, live on lands. Most decapod crustaceans have aquatic habitats and with highly diverse morphologies, ecology, and life histories etc. This article gives a general overview on the history of the study of the decapod crustacean fauna in Taiwan.