- 期刊
中鋼煉焦場能源使用效率之提昇
Improvement in Heating Efficiency of Coke Oven at CSC
摘要
煉焦製程主要為產製高爐所使用的焦炭。基本上，煉焦製程為一個龐大的燃燒系統，總消耗能源多，每年總值約在七億元左右，若能有些的節省，其效益就相當可觀，並能減輕汚染物之產出及排放。本研究整體架構分為爐團溫度之控制及個別爐室溫度分佈之調整。其中爐團溫度之控制，係以判定之火落時間，來預測適當之總煉焦時間，並與設定者比對，來調整總投入熱量，並提供稼動率與火喉溫度之對照表，給予現場於設定爐溫時使用。其中爐室間以及個別爐室內溫度分佈，乃以爐溫偏差診斷系統來調整，由每班所測火喉溫度資料經修正及計算後，可顯示棋縱向度偏差之爐室或位置。而爐室內垂直溫度偏差可由導焦車測溫得之。這些偏差經由現場人員的調節，使得整個溫度分佈較為均勻，提高了燃氣的使用效率。綜合以上結果，在煉焦場之爐溫控制，已使得個別爐室爐溫偏差現象大幅改善。以三階煉焦爐為例，其設定溫度之控制（130％稼動率為基準），已由21990年的年平均1262℃，降至1994年的1250℃，今年更有降至1240℃左右的操作。這改善，不僅節省能源，且焦炭的強度與平均粒度等品質指數亦相對提升。
並列摘要
Coke oven is basically a huge heating system, therefore, the proper monitoringand management of the operational thermal state of the whole oven becomes particularly important. An ideal distribution of temperature is to ensure the quality of coke, and to achieve the goals of decreasing fuel consumption, prolonging the battery life and reducing the air pollution. A combustion management system for the coke oven consisting of three subsystems respectively for setting proper coking time and diagnosing thermal state of coke oven in horizontal、longitudinal and vertical directions, was developed. It aimed to control the average oven temperature to a suitable level and to diminish the deviations of temperature between each heating walls. In subsystem 1, with the aid of measuring gas temperature at ascending pipe, a coking completion table composed of production ratio, coal moisture and flue temperature were established for setting the target flue timperature. In subsystem 2, the measured flue temperature was corrected by a reversed cooling curve and compared with an ideal transversal profile. A precise thermal states of battery heating was therefore induced. The subsystem 3, basically an on-line coke tempeature measurement system, provides the needed information for coke oven heating in the vertical direction as well as refractories condition monitoring. This subsystem consists of two-color pyrometers in an array installed at the coke car and the associated computers for data collection, transmission and analysis. Since this coke oven combustion management system was adopted, the remarkable heating improvement has been achieved. For example at Phase III, the average temperature of coke oven was decreased from 1962°C to 1240°C, the fuel was thus saved, the wall temperature was more even and the coke qualities were also improved.