The material used in the study was θ-phase, high-purity, high-surface area, and submicron Al_2O_3 powder. We compared the compact and powder during θ→α phase transformation in their particle size, the quantity of phase transformation, and the changes of microstructure. In the past research, the process during the phase transformation into α-phase, Al_2O_3 has been affected by the particle packing status. When it was packed densely the particles had higher coordination number, and it would accelerate θ to α-phase transformation. In the research, because the particle packing rearranged at 1050℃, the growth of crystallite in a-phase Al_2O_3 of compact did not postpone, but it postponed in a-phase Al_2O_3 of powder instead. After they had grown into the stable size, the crystallite size of a-phase Al_2O_3 were maximum at 1050℃, minimum at 1100℃, and the crystallite size of a-phase Al_2O_3 of compact were larger than powder.