- 期刊
聚能射流應用於岩石控制爆破之研究
A Study on Rock Control Blasting of Shaped Charges
摘要
本研究利用圓錐形聚能裝藥來實現岩石控制爆破，其特性為可精確地控制爆破時裂縫之產生、發展方向和斷裂面之形成；並獲得較為平整之岩石開挖面且能有效地保護圍岩之穩定性。聚能射流之應用前景相當廣泛如石材開採、地下坑室工程、隧道工程、岩石邊坡爆破工程以及礦山露天開採等。為了進一步了解聚能射流應用於岩石控制爆破之基本原理，本研究運用理論分析以及現地試驗來釐清其行為；其中理論分析包括線裝藥密度以及孔間距等爆破參數之推估，而現地試驗為石材切割之控制爆破。本研究之結果歸納如下：1.理論分析結果可定出聚能射流岩石控制爆破參數表，如應用岩石之種類、孔徑大小、炸藥種類、線裝藥量以及孔間距等。2.本研究進行之聚能射流穿孔試驗可建立設計元件參數如藥型罩高度H2、炸高、外殼以及藥型罩材質與穿孔深度之關係。3.岩石控制爆破試驗結果顯示利用圓錐形聚能裝藥來切割岩石塊體為一實際可行且有效之方法。於幾次成功之試驗中，其平均線裝藥密度均小於0.05Kg／m且孔間距可大於50cm。相較於傳統之岩石控制爆破方法，本研究所採用之線裝藥密度較低且孔間距較大；其中線裝藥密度小將可降低岩石被炸壞之風險，而較大之孔間距將有利於增進岩石爆破作業之效率。
並列摘要
A new technique of control blasting for achieving directional rock breaking by conical shaped charges is proposed in this study. This technique is characterized by controlling numbers and propagation directions of cracks under blasting, having a complete rock excavation face, and maintaining surrounding rock's stability. The technique can be applied to quarrying, underground excavation, tunneling, rock slope blasting and bench blasting. To further understand the basic principle of rock control blasting by conical shaped charges, theoretical analysis and in-situ testing are used in this research Theoretical analysis is performed to estimeate the linear charge concentration and borehole spacing, and In-situ tests are control blasting tests of the dimensional stone blocks. The major results of this research are listed as bellow: 1. Parameters of control blasting by conical shaped charges include rock type, borehole diameter, explosive type, and borehole spacing. 2. The result o f penetration tests indicates the relationship between penetration depth and parameters of conical shaped charges, such as H2, standoff, casing, and material type etc... and 3. The result shows that using conical shaped charges to cut rock block is practicable and advantageous. Compared with traditional rock control blasting, less charge concentration and larger hole spacing can be utilized in rock splitting operations. In these tests, charge mass per meter was less than 0.05Kg, nevertheless hole spacing is almost over 50 centimeters. It shows that less explosive will decrease rock damage and large hole spacing will promote the efficiency of rock splitting operations.