- 期刊
偵測客家酸柑茶中虎頭柑皮的兩個主要黃酮配醣體
Detection of Two Major Flavonoid Glycosides of Hutou Gan Peel in Hakka Sour Citrus Tea
摘要
酸柑茶是客家人將虎頭柑（Citrus aurantium L. cv. Hutou Gan）搭配茶葉經九蒸九曬製作而成，乃客家人早期居住偏遠山中受風寒感冒時的居家必備良藥。本研究以高效液相層析儀（High performance liquid chromatography）分析虎頭柑果皮水萃物，在波長280 nm偵測下發現兩個主要的吸收峰。此兩個成分主要蘊藏在虎頭柑果皮與果內皮，少量藏於果肉，而種子內並未偵測到。利用Diaion HP-20及Sephadex LH-20管柱層析分離，再用薄層色層分析片純化此二成分。經液相層析質譜儀分析推定一個成分為橙皮苷（hesperidin），再以核磁共振光譜儀鑑定出另一個成分結構為芸香柚皮苷（narirutin）。芸香柚皮苷為柚子皮水萃物的主要成分之一；橙皮苷為橙皮水萃物的主要成分之一，列為中藥陳皮的指標成分。虎頭柑同時含有芸香柚皮苷與橙皮苷，支持客家人坊間流傳虎頭柑是柚子與酸橙雜交種的說法。此兩成分已有文獻報導具有抗發炎、抗流感病毒、祛痰等功效，解釋傳統經驗酸柑茶可做為受風寒感冒時的功效茶飲。相較之下，由茶枝柑皮製成的道地藥材新會陳皮的兩個主要成分為橙皮苷與陳皮素（nobiletin）。有趣的是，酸柑茶與陳皮類似，在經歷長年陳化轉製後，口感溫潤但其個別內含的兩個主要成分均明顯降解（僅剩10-30%）。
並列摘要
Hakka sour citrus tea is prepared with Citrus aurantium L. cv. Hutou Gan and tea by special manufacturing procedures including repeated steaming and drying. It is used as an herbal tea to treat common cold for Hakka people who lived in mountain areas in early times. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to analyze the water extract of Hutou Gan fruit peel, and two major peaks were detected at 280 nm. These two peaks were abundantly present in peel, trivially found in fruit, but undetectable in seed. The extract was isolated by chromatography with Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 columns, and two compounds were purified by thin layer chromatography, respectively. One compound was deduced as hesperidin by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the other compound was identified as narirutin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Narirutin is a major component of pomelo peel; hesperidin is a major component of citrus peel and is regarded as an index component of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (commonly called chenpi, a well-known Chinese medicine). The co-existence of narirutin and hesperidin in Hutou Gan peel supports the folktale declaring Hutou Gan as a hybrid of Citrus auranitium L. and pomelo. In agreement with the traditional utilization of Hakka sour citrus tea for common cold, both narirutin and hesperidin are documented in literature to possess several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-influenza virus and expectorant. Comparatively, two major compounds in chenpi prepared from Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis are hesperidin and nobiletin. Interestingly, both major compounds in Hakka sour citrus tea or chenpi were significantly reduced to 10-30% in comparison with their original peels though their taste became mellow and gentle.