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植物產物對小黃家蟻的忌避及毒性
Repellency and toxicity of semiochemicals on pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)
摘要
試驗7 種天然植物產物（citral、citronellal、eugenol、geraniol、limonene、nerol及 neem oil）的藥品對小黃家蟻的毒效。以生物測定方法試驗天然植物產物對小黃家蟻工蟻之取食忌避反應和死亡率。在非選擇性的忌避試驗小黃家蟻對7種供試植物產物，結果以eugenol 和geraniol 的取食忌避反應最高。小黃家蟻工蟻直接接觸植物產物毒效試驗，接觸時間為24 hr 後，接觸濃度為0.1 % eugenol 時，工蟻死亡率平均為76.8 %；接觸濃度為0.1 % geraniol，死亡率平均為70.8 %。接觸時間為48 hr 後，接觸濃度為0.1 % eugenol，死亡率平均為94.5 %；接觸濃度為0.1 %geraniol，死亡率平均為76.5 %。試驗間接接觸6 種植物產物24 hr 後，結果以geraniol的毒效最高，可造成小黃家蟻工蟻死亡率平均為44.7 %。將試驗時間延長至48 hr，結果以geraniol 和neem oil 的毒效最高，死亡率分別平均為57.3 %和55 %；其次為citronellal，死亡率平均為43.3 %。試驗7 種植物產物餌劑處理小黃家蟻蟻群3週後的工蟻之死亡率，結果以0.05 % geraniol 餌劑造成小黃家蟻工蟻之死亡率平均為17 %最高。由以上結果說明，植物產物對小黃家蟻有很好的防治潛力，但在忌避性與餌劑應用上如何取得平衡,則是防治應用時應該注意的。
並列摘要
The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicities of 7 semiochemicals (citral, citronellal, eugenol, geraniol, limonene, nerol and neem oil) on the pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis(L.). Bioassays were performed to determine the effects of the semiochemicals on the mortality and the feeding repellency to the workers of the pharaoh ants. In the no-choice tests, the feeding repellency response of the workers of the pharaoh ant was highest on eugenol and geraniol. In the direct contacted experiment, toxicity of 7 semiochemicals contact to the workers of M. pharaonis, 0.1 % eugenol was the most toxic to the workers with the mortality of 76.8 % after 24 hours; and 94.5 % after 48 hours. The workers contact 0.1 % geraniol then the mortality was 70.8 %; after 48 hours contacted, the mortality of workers was 76.5 %. In the experiment of toxicity of M. pharaonis workers after indirectly contacted with 6 semiochemicals after 24 hours, geraniol showed greater toxicity than the other semiochemicals and the mortality of workers was 44.7 %; 48 hours after indirectly contacted with semiochemicals, the highest toxicity of semiochemicals were geraniol and neem oil and the mortality was 57.3 % and 55 %, respectively; the secondary was citronellal, the mortality was 43.3 %. The highest mortality of geraniol bait to M. pharaonis workers was 17 % in the experiment of mortality of the workers of the pharaoh ant three weeks after treatment with various concentrations of 7 semiochemical baits.