牟宗三哲學中的具體的普遍

The Concrete Universal in Mou Zongsan's Philosophy

史偉民(Shi Wei-min)

《清華學報》 49卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 125-149

https://doi.org/10.6503/THJCS.201903_49(1).0005

摘要

「具體的普遍」是牟宗三（1909－1995）哲學方法中的重要概念，牟宗三在形上學、倫理學與歷史哲學的脈絡中使用此一概念。對牟宗三而言，具體的普遍性是作為精神實體的本心的性質。本心是普遍的，因為它是應對個別情境、發動道德行為的能力；它是具體的，因為作為能力，它只對於個別情境的應對中，才有確定的內容。然而牟宗三也因為每一個人各自以不同的方式與程度表現本心，稱之為具體的普遍。本心為具體的普遍的觀念，植基於牟宗三的道德的形上學，並蘊涵了一個特殊的道德行動的主張。

關鍵字

牟宗三 ； 具體的普遍 ； 本心 ； 道德的形上學 ； 道德行動

並列摘要

The ＂concrete universal＂ is a key concept in Mou Zongsan's 牟宗三 (1909-1995) philosophy. Mou makes use of this concept in his metaphysics, ethics and philosophy of history. According to Mou, concrete universality is an attribute of the original heart as a spiritual substance. The original heart is universal since it is the faculty that initiates moral actions in response to individual situations. It is concrete in that it has a determinate content only in its response to a given situation. However, Mou also characterizes the original heart as a concrete universal because every individual person displays the original heart in his own way and in a different degree. Rooted in Mou's moral metaphysics, the idea that the original heart is a concrete universal implies a specific doctrine of moral action.

並列關鍵字

Mou Zongsan 牟宗三 ； the concrete universal ； the original heart ； moral metaphysics ； moral action

參考文獻

郭齊勇 Guo Qiyong ，〈牟宗三的形上學體系及其意義〉 “Mou Zongsan de xingshangxue tixi ji qi yiyi”，《鵝湖月刊》Ehu yuekan，35.6，臺北 Taipei：2009，頁 26-41。doi: 10.29652/LM.200912.0005

Shi Weimin and Lin Chiulo. “Confucian Moral Experience and Its Metaphysical Foundations: From the Point of View of Mou Zongsan,” Philosophy East and West, 65.2, 2015, pp. 542-566. doi: 10.1353/pew.2015.0027

Stern, Robert. “Hegel, British Idealism, and the Curious Case of the Concrete Universal,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 15.1, 2007, pp. 115-153. doi: 10.1080/09608780601088002

牟宗三 Mou Zongsan，《人文講習錄》Renwen jiangxilu，《牟宗三先生全集》Mou Zongsan xiansheng quanji 第 28 冊，臺北 Taipei：聯經出版 Lianjing chuban，2003。

牟宗三 Mou Zongsan，《中西哲學之特質》Zhongxi zhexue zhi tezhi，《牟宗三先生全集》Mou Zongsan xiansheng quanji 第 28 冊，臺北 Taipei：聯經出版 Lianjing chuban，2003。