- 期刊
應用形態特徵與化學標記區別五種楨楠屬植物
Identification of Five Machilus Species by Morphological Characters and Chemical Markers
摘要
楨楠屬(Machilus)為台灣闊葉林中重要的樟科(Lauraceae)植物。由於種類多，且形態特徵近似，以致在分類處理上並不一致，因此，本研究依據形態特徵及化學型分類(Chemotaxonomy)作為區別的標準。本試驗先行調查各標本之外部形態，其次再萃取及分析葉部精油。結果顯示，五種楨楠屬植物以氣相層析儀及氣相層析－質譜儀確認其主要成份為石竹烯(Caryophyllene)、α-水芹烯、(α-phellandrene)、β-水芹烯(β-phellandrene)、醋酸莰酯(Bornyl acetate)、葵醛(Decanal)及11-Dodecenol等。並顯示霧社楨楠(M. mushaensis Lu)及香楠(M. zuihoensis Hayata)都含有葵醛及11-Dodecenol，但是前者以93.07%的葵醛為主要成份；而後者則是70.64%的11-Dodecenol。大葉楠(M. kusanoi Hayata)、假長葉楠(M. pseudolongifolia Hayata)及日本楨楠(M. japonica Sieb. & Zucc.)（石垣島）都含有α-水芹烯及石竹烯，但大葉楠尚含有葵醛；日本楨楠（石垣島），則含有醋酸莰酯故得以區別。藉由形態特徵與化學標記，顯示霧社楨楠與香楠親緣關係較接近；假長葉楠與大葉楠較接近，而日本楨楠則介於其間。因此，可予區分並將大葉楠、假長葉楠、霧社楨楠、香楠、日本楨楠處理為五個分類群，並確認日本楨楠並不產於台灣。
並列摘要
The genus Machilus contains many important species of the laurel family in Taiwanese hardwood forests. Abundant number of species and similar morphological features cause inconsistent taxonomical characters. This study employed morphological characters and Chemotaxonomy as criteria for identification. Major components from five Machilus plants were identified by GC and GC-MS: caryophyllene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, bornyl acetate, decanal and 11-dodecenol. It was found that Machilus mushaensis Lu. and M. zuihoensis Hayata contained decanal and 1-dodecenol. However, the former contained 93.07 % of decanal and the latter contained 70.64 % of 11-dodecenol. M. kusanoi Hayata, M. pseudolongifolia Hayata and M. japonica Sieb. & Zucc. (Ishigakijima) contained α-phellandrene and caryophyllene. In addition, M. kusanoi Hayata contained decanal; M. japonica Sieb. & Zucc. (Ishigakijima) contained bornyl acetate as the identifiable feature. Morphological characters and chemical markers demonstrated that M. mushaensis Lu. and M. zuihoensis Hay. had a closer taxonomical relation. M. pseudolongifolia Hay. and M. kusanoi Hay. had a closer taxonomical relation. M. japonica Sieb. & Zucc. was in between. Hence, M. kusanoi Hay., M. pseudolongifolia Hay., M. mushaensis Lu, M. zuihoensis Hay. and M. japonica Sieb. & Zucc. could be treated as five taxonomical groups. And it could be assured that M. japonica Sieb. & Zucc. was not distributed in Taiwan.