- 期刊
Vitamin D Intake and its Food Sources in Taiwanese
台灣地區民眾維生素D攝取量及主要食物來源
摘要
維生素D在二十世紀初被發現，並訂定每日建議攝取量。然而直到最近美國才有其民眾攝取狀況報告。臺灣地區沒有維生素D食物成分資料，也從未有人民維生素D的營養狀況報告。本研究先彙編不同來源之食物維生素D含量，以之估算三個涵蓋不同年齡層且具全國代表性之營養調查（1993-1996，老人，學童）之24小時飲食回憶資料及最多五項的補充劑使用頻率。結果包括性別、年齡（學童、成人、婦女與老人）及地區層別的維生素D攝取（含補充劑）狀況。台灣地區民眾維生素D攝取量一般而言已經足夠，但是高中女學生及原住民，有攝取較少的危險。魚類（鹹水及淡水）、魚肉製品、奶類及蕈類為台灣地區民眾維生素D最重要的食物來源。學童之「鹹水魚」、「魚肉加工製品」及「乳類及其製品」三項佔總攝取量的55％。奶類佔老人總攝取量的四分之一；蛋類在較年輕族群約佔10％，但是在老人就僅剩5％。魚肝油仍是學童及青少年使用最多的維生素D補充劑來源，老年人則使用綜合維生素礦物質；部份鈣片也添加維生素D。維生素D補充劑在學童約佔總攝取的13％（男）及17%（女），13-15歲青少年分別為13％（男）及9％（女），到16-18歲男性只剩下2％。之後緩步上升，到老年期，男女性其補充劑可達16％及19％。
並列摘要
In the early 20th Century, vitamin D was discovered and its Recommended Daily Allowance developed. However, average daily dietary intakes have not been reported until recently in the US. There are no food composition and no intake data for vitamin D available in Taiwan. We have taken advantage of several population representative Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan (NAHSIT) conducted from 1993 onwards of various age groups to examine this possibility systematically. Firstly, we collected and compiled the vitamin D content of foods from various sources to supplement the Taiwanese Food Composition Tables. Though these vitamin D data may not be fully representative of local food items, they serve as a reference point. Secondly, we have used the three NAHSITs databases, which all used the 24-hr recall method to collect dietary intake data and five food frequency questionnaire type questions to collect supplement data, to estimate most gender- and age-specific (include: school children, adults and elderly) vitamin D intakes from food source and supplements. Thirdly, we have defined the sources of vitamin D intake in Taiwanese (gender- and age-specific). Vitamin D intakes of Taiwanese were adequate except for high school girls and indigenous people. Fish and its products, milk, mushrooms were the major vitamin D food sources. Supplement source vitamin D also varied greatly between age and gender groups. Elderly women consumed almost 20% of vitamin D from supplements; 16-18 years old boys consumed 2.47% vitamin D from supplements only.