摘要
這篇論文討論哈金(Ian Hacking)的實驗實在論(experimental realism)，並建議使用「落實」(realization)的觀念來解消「實在」(reality)議題的爭論。開場先略談科學實在論的發展簡史與反實在論的爭辯，然後正式進入哈金的「實驗實在論」。本文指出哈金的實驗實在論雖然在理論面是反實在論，但是在「元項的實在」這個議題上可以對抗反實在論的悲觀歸納論證。哈金的論證雖然有一些來自理論實在論的批評，本文認為這些批評都不能成功，但這並不代表哈金的實驗實在論就因此穩如泰山，本文仍然對哈金的實驗論證提出「實驗科學的悲觀歸納」和「實驗工具的有效組合是創造新現象的原因」造兩個質疑。哈金本人回答了我的質疑。我進一步討論哈金的回答，認為它們並不成功。最後，本文提議「一整個理論分疇的落實」觀念来取代哈金的「被操縱的元項真實存在」這樣的主張。我們爭論，這樣的觀念將能成功地面對上述兩個質疑。
並列摘要
This paper discusses Hacking's experimental realism and suggests a concept of realization to help dissolve the issue about realism. I first rephrase Hacking's experimental realism by reconstructing it into one thesis and three arguments. Then I consider Resnik's criticism. According to an adequate interpretation of Hacking's experimental realism, Resnik's objection failed because of his theory realist position. Nevertheless, there are still two problems with the experimental aspect of experimental realism. They are the pessimistic induction of the experimental science argument and the combination of apparatus argument. Hacking himself responded to my two queries in 2008. I also discuss his responses and argue that they are not satisfactory, I offer a new perspective on the realism issue by proposing a set of related concepts, including categorization, realization, and the degree of realization. Finally I show that this conceptual scheme provides a better solution to the two problems and casts new light on the issue of realism.