- 期刊
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攝食水果以提高葉酸攝取量的可行性探討
The Feasibility Study on the Increase of Dietary Folate Intake by the Promotion of Fruits Consumption
摘要
葉酸為維生素B群的營養素，已知葉酸缺乏與慢性疾病的相關性，顯示攝取充足葉酸對健康十分重要。在無葉酸強化政策下，國人如何增加每日葉酸的攝取量以確保良好葉酸營養狀況，是值得探討的課題。臺灣盛產水果，種類繁多，是否有葉酸含量豐富的水果，值得推廣以增加國人的葉酸攝取量，為本研究的目的。因此，本實驗選擇台灣地區常見的二十五種水果，以微生物法測定葉酸，並探討結合酵素反應時間對葉酸測定值的影響，以最佳反應時間測定各種水果的葉酸含量。結果顯示，葉酸測定值隨著結合酵素反應時間而增加，以5~6小時處理可獲較高的葉酸含量。在二十五種常見水果中，每單位可食重量的葉酸含量，榴槤最高為225±53µg/100g，其次為鳳梨釋迦95±25μg/100g和草莓94±25µg/100g。以每份水果為單位的葉酸含量，則攝食一份水果可獲葉酸量最高為草莓153μg/60kcal，其灰為聖女小番茄123μg/60kcal和榴槤122μg/60kcal。同時，為評估哪些水果值得多攝食以增加葉酸攝取量，宜考慮避免熱量較高以及價格昂貴的水果，故分別估算富含葉酸30μg/100g以上的十二種水果熱量密度與年平均售價。結果顯示，在這些富含葉酸的水果中，熱量密度以聖女小番茄和木瓜最低，每100g可食重量為32和33kcal榴槤和鳳梨釋迦熱量最高，為110和102kcal。葉酸營養密度以草莓和聖女小番茄的最高，分別為2.55和2.05μg/kcal。水果價格單位重量以柳丁、鳳梨和木瓜最便宜。以單位葉酸所需價格，仍以柳丁最便宜。若將水果的葉酸含量最高、熱量密度最低與公告價格最低的排名平均，則木瓜、聖女小番茄、和柳丁分列前三名。因此，本研究顯示水果也富含葉酸，目前公告水果的葉酸含量測定值偏低。若綜合葉酸含量、熱量、價格等因素考量，木瓜、聖女小番茄、芭樂、鳳梨、葡萄和奇異果等，皆為易推廣作為增加葉酸食物來源的水果。
並列摘要
Folate is one of the water-soluble B vitamins, and its deficiency is linked to several chronic diseases. Sufficient intake of folate is important for health. Therefore, determining how to increase the daily intake of folate is an important issue in Taiwan. Considering the abundance of a diverse variety of fruits and vegetables in Taiwan, this study evaluated which fruits can be promoted as a good source of folate. Twenty-five kinds of fruits that are common in Taiwan or may contain folate were chosen in this study. The folate contents were measured using a Lactobacillus casei microbiological assay. The appropriate conjugase reaction time was also determined to be 5~6h in order to release the available folate for the microbiological assay. Among these 25 different kinds of fruits, durian contained the highest folate (225±53µg/100 g), followed by Atemoya (custard apples) 95±25µg/100g and strawberries 94±25µg/100g. The order of high folate contents in one serving of fruit was strawberries 153µg/60 kcal, cherry tomatoes 123µg/60 kcal, and durian 122µg/60 kcal. To evaluate the feasibility of these fruits for promotion as a folate food source, 12 fruits containing folate of ＞30µg/100 were further compared for caloric content and price. Cherry tomatoes and papaya had the lowest calorie densities, 32 and 33 kcal/100g edible portion. Durian and custard apples had the highest, at 110 and 102 kcal. Strawberries and cherry tomatoes had the highest folate densities at 2.55 and 2.05µg/kcal. In terms of the price per 100g of fruit, oranges, pineapples, and papayas cost less. Oranges cost the least per 100µg folate. By averaging the orders of higher folate content, lower calorie density, and price, papayas, cherry tomatoes, and oranges were the best 3 fruits for promoting increased folate intake among the fruits evaluated in this study. In conclusion, fruits may become food sources for folate in Taiwan, especially papayas, cherry tomatoes, and oranges. Guavas, pineapples, grapes, and kiwi fruits are also comparatively feasible for promotion.