欠薪問題與近期大陸工潮－集體行為觀點

「青春獻給黨，老了沒人養，想問兒女要，兒女都下崗。」在改革開放前，大陸城鎮職工一度引以為傲的「大鍋飯」、「鐵飯碗」，未料改革開放後居然三十年風水輪流轉成為工人心中最大的痛。但如今時代改變，計劃經濟轉向市場濟經，許多工人都有被背叛感覺。近幾年來大陸職工因拖欠薪資或退休金等情況，致使生困厄所釀成的示威抗與堵街活動，在各省市區此起彼落、從未間斷。迄今大陸各地的工潮所提出的訴求都還是經濟性的，同時它尚未出現跨省區城市工人的串連活動；但示威活動中的警民衝突卻日漸升高中，公安訴諸武力對抗工人的情況越來越頻繁。

關鍵字

下崗；工潮；失業；國有企業；集體行為

並列摘要

Before Chinese economic reforms, staff members and workers of cities and towns took pride in the practice of “eating out of a common bowl,” a phenomenon otherwise known as the “iron rice bowl.”After thirty years of economic reforms, however, the planned economy has give way to the market economy. Many workers feel betrayed and voice such angst as “We dedicated our youth to the Party, but we are not provided for when we qre old. We are also unable to rely on our children for financial support as they are being laid off.” Because wages or pensions have been overdue in recent years, disgruntled workers have staged demonstrations, protests, and street blockages in many provinces and municipalities. Their appeals have so far been economic ones and there have not yet been any movements jointly launched by workers from cities of different provinces or municipalities. More and increasingly acute police-civilian conflicts have taken place, however.