Human intestinal capillariasis is a rare parasitosis first recognized in the Philippines in the 1960s. It is a potentially life-threatening disease that has also been reported in Thailand, Japan, southern Taiwan (Kaohsiung), Korea, Iran, Egypt, Italy and Spain. Symptoms include chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, borborygmi, marked weight loss, protein and electrolyte loss, and cachexia. We report two patients with capillariasis living in rural Taiwan. They had no history of travelling abroad or eating raw freshwater fish. Both underwent emergency laparotomy for peritonitis and were found to have enteritis cystica profunda. They both had good responses to mebendazole.